放射性物质体内污染患者的急诊科管理
Emergency department management of patients internally contaminated with radioactive material.
作者信息
Kazzi Ziad, Buzzell Jennifer, Bertelli Luiz, Christensen Doran
机构信息
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, MS-F59, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, 531 Asbury Cir-Annex, Suite N-340, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Northeast, MS-F59, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
出版信息
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2015 Feb;33(1):179-96. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Nov 15.
After a radiation emergency that involves the dispersal of radioactive material, patients can become externally and internally contaminated with 1 or more radionuclides. Internal contamination can lead to the delivery of harmful ionizing radiation doses to various organs and tissues or the whole body. The clinical consequences can range from acute radiation syndrome to the long-term development of cancer. Estimating the amount of radioactive material absorbed into the body can guide the management of patients. Treatment includes, in addition to supportive care and long term monitoring, certain medical countermeasures like Prussian blue, calcium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and zinc DTPA.
在涉及放射性物质扩散的辐射紧急情况发生后，患者可能会受到一种或多种放射性核素的体表和体内污染。体内污染可导致向各种器官、组织或全身输送有害的电离辐射剂量。临床后果从急性辐射综合征到癌症的长期发展不等。估计吸收到体内的放射性物质的量可为患者的管理提供指导。除了支持性护理和长期监测外，治疗还包括某些医学对策，如普鲁士蓝、二乙烯三胺五乙酸钙（DTPA）和二乙烯三胺五乙酸锌。
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