College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2014 Nov 1;26(11):2322-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.017. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
Degradation kinetics of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos (CPF-MC) in soil and its influence on soil microbial community structures were investigated by comparing with emulsifiable concentration of chlorpyrifos (CPF-EC) in laboratory. The residual periods of CPF-MC with fortification levels of 5 and 20mg/kg reached 120 days in soil, both of the degradation curves did not fit the first-order model, and out-capsule residues of chlorpyrifos in soil were maintained at 1.76 (±0.33) and 5.92 (±1.20) mg/kg in the period between 15 and 60 days, respectively. The degradation kinetics of CPF-EC fit the first-order model, and the residual periods of 5 and 20mg/kg treatments were 60 days. Bacterial community structures in soil treated with two concentrations of CPF-MC showed similarity to those of the control during the test period, as seen in the band number and relative intensities of the individual band on DGGE gels (p>0.05). Fungal community structures were slightly affected in the 5mg/kg treatments and returned to the control levels after 30 days, but initially differed significantly from control in the 20mg/kg treatments (p<0.05) and did not recover to control levels until 90 days later. The CPF-EC significantly altered microbial community structures (p<0.05) and effects did not disappear until 240 days later. The results indicated that the microcapsule technology prolonged the residue periods of chlorpyrifos in soil whereas it decreased its side-effects on soil microbes as compared with the emulsifiable concentration formulation.
采用室内模拟的方法，对比研究了微囊化毒死蜱（CPF-MC）和乳油毒死蜱（CPF-EC）在土壤中的降解动力学及其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。加标 5 和 20mg/kg 的 CPF-MC 在土壤中的残留期均达 120d，降解曲线均不符合一级动力学模型，且在 15~60d 期间，土壤中 CPF 的出囊残留量分别为 1.76（±0.33）和 5.92（±1.20）mg/kg。CPF-EC 降解动力学符合一级动力学模型，5 和 20mg/kg 处理的残留期均为 60d。2 种浓度 CPF-MC 处理的土壤细菌群落结构在整个试验期间与对照相似，DGGE 图谱上条带数和各条带相对强度差异均不显著（p＞0.05）。5mg/kg 处理的真菌群落结构受轻微影响，30d 后恢复到对照水平，但 20mg/kg 处理与对照间差异显著（p＜0.05），90d 后才恢复到对照水平。CPF-EC 显著改变了微生物群落结构（p＜0.05），240d 后效应仍未消失。结果表明，与乳油剂型相比，微囊化技术延长了毒死蜱在土壤中的残留期，降低了其对土壤微生物的副作用。
