Brinkworth Jessica F, Barreiro Luis B
Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.
Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2014 Dec;31:66-78. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases have been the focus of many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because they represent a significant cause of illness and morbidity, and many are heritable. Almost a decade of GWAS studies suggests that the pathological inflammation associated with these diseases is controlled by a limited number of networked immune system genes. Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are enigmatic from an evolutionary perspective because they exert a negative affect on reproductive fitness. The persistence of these conditions may be partially explained by the important roles the implicated immune genes play in pathogen defense and other functions thought to be under strong natural selection in humans. The evolutionary reasons for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease persistence and uneven distribution across populations are the focus of this review.
慢性炎症性和自身免疫性疾病一直是许多全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的重点，因为它们是疾病和发病的重要原因，而且许多疾病具有遗传性。近十年的GWAS研究表明，与这些疾病相关的病理性炎症由数量有限的相互关联的免疫系统基因控制。从进化的角度来看，慢性炎症性和自身免疫性疾病是难以理解的，因为它们会对生殖适应性产生负面影响。这些疾病的持续存在可能部分归因于相关免疫基因在病原体防御以及其他被认为在人类中受到强烈自然选择的功能中所起的重要作用。本文综述的重点是慢性炎症性和自身免疫性疾病持续存在以及在人群中分布不均的进化原因。
