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肉牛青年母牛妊娠早期黄体和子宫血流及回声纹理的超声监测

Ultrasound monitoring of blood flow and echotexture of the corpus luteum and uterus during early pregnancy of beef heifers.

作者信息

Scully S, Evans A C O, Carter F, Duffy P, Lonergan P, Crowe M A

机构信息

School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.

School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.

出版信息

Theriogenology. 2015 Feb;83(3):449-58. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 15.

Abstract

The aim was to characterize changes in the ultrasound characteristics of the CL and uterus in pregnant, inseminated nonpregnant, and cyclic beef heifers and to correlate findings with systemic progesterone (P4) concentrations with the intention of identifying possible markers for early identification of pregnancy. Heifers were randomly selected for artificial insemination after estrus synchronization. Ultrasound examinations of the CL and uterus were carried out by transrectal ultrasonography using a high-resolution ultrasound scanner equipped with a 12 MHz linear array probe on Days 7, 11, 14, 16, and 18 after artificial insemination (Day 0; i.e., estrus). Cross-sectional B-mode images of the CL were captured for calculation of CL tissue area and echotexture. Images of the CL and associated blood flow were captured and stored for analysis of luteal blood flow area and ratio. Longitudinal B-mode images of the uterine horns were captured just beyond the bifurcation of the uterine horns and stored for analysis of contrast and homogeneity (MaZda v4.6; Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Electronics, Poland). A total of three images were captured for each structure of interest. Serum concentrations of P4 were determined from blood samples collected at each ultrasound examination. After pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound, heifers were retrospectively allocated as being pregnant (embryonic heartbeat on Day 28; n = 14) or nonpregnant (interestrous interval 18-21 days; n = 8) and their data were compared with noninseminated cyclic heifers (n = 10). Corpus luteum tissue area did not appear to change between pregnant, nonpregnant, or cyclic control groups between Days 7 and 18 (P > 0.05). No significant differences in CL echotexture characteristics were found between groups at any time point. There were no significant differences between pregnant, nonpregnant, and cyclic control groups for CL blood flow area (P > 0.05). However, CL blood flow ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both inseminated nonpregnant and cyclic heifers between Days 14 and 18, whereas it remained unchanged in pregnant heifers (P > 0.05). Uterine homogeneity was not significantly different between groups at any time point (P > 0.05). However, uterine contrast was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in pregnant compared with cyclic control heifers on Days 16 and 18. Concentrations of P4 were lower (P < 0.05) in nonpregnant and control heifers than in pregnant heifers from Days 16 to 18. In conclusion, there were differences between nonpregnant and cyclic heifers compared with pregnant heifers in P4 concentrations from Day 16. On Day 18, the CL and uterine characteristics were different between the nonpregnant and pregnant heifers. Ultrasound measures of CL blood flow and uterine echotexture may be useful to establish pregnancy status. Further investigation is required to identify if pregnancy diagnosis can be made on Day 18 or at a later day postpartum.

摘要

本研究旨在描述怀孕、人工授精未孕以及处于发情周期的肉用小母牛的黄体(CL)和子宫的超声特征变化,并将这些结果与全身孕酮(P4)浓度相关联,以期找到早期妊娠诊断的可能标志物。在发情同步后,随机选择小母牛进行人工授精。在人工授精后第7、11、14、16和18天(第0天为发情日),使用配备12MHz线性阵列探头的高分辨率超声扫描仪经直肠超声检查CL和子宫。采集CL的横截面B超图像以计算CL组织面积和回声纹理。采集CL及其相关血流的图像并存储,用于分析黄体血流面积和比率。在子宫角分叉处稍远的位置采集子宫角的纵向B超图像并存储,用于分析对比度和均匀性(使用MaZda v4.6软件;波兰罗兹工业大学电子研究所)。对每个感兴趣的结构总共采集三张图像。在每次超声检查时采集血样,测定血清P4浓度。通过超声进行妊娠诊断后,将小母牛回顾性分为怀孕(第28天有胚胎心跳;n = 14)或未孕(发情间隔18 - 21天;n = 8),并将它们的数据与未人工授精的发情周期小母牛(n = 10)进行比较。在第7天至18天期间,怀孕、未孕或发情周期对照组的黄体组织面积似乎没有变化(P > 0.05)。在任何时间点,各组之间的CL回声纹理特征均无显著差异。怀孕、未孕和发情周期对照组之间的CL血流面积无显著差异(P > 0.05)。然而,在第14天至18天期间,人工授精未孕和发情周期小母牛的CL血流比率均显著下降(P < 0.05),而怀孕小母牛的CL血流比率保持不变(P > 0.05)。在任何时间点,各组之间的子宫均匀性均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。然而,在第16天和18天,怀孕小母牛的子宫对比度显著高于发情周期对照组(P < 0.05)。从第16天至18天,未孕和对照组小母牛的P4浓度低于怀孕小母牛(P < 0.05)。总之,从第16天起,未孕和发情周期小母牛与怀孕小母牛的P4浓度存在差异。在第18天,未孕和怀孕小母牛的CL和子宫特征不同。CL血流和子宫回声纹理的超声测量可能有助于确定妊娠状态。需要进一步研究以确定是否可以在第18天或产后更晚的时间进行妊娠诊断。

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