Graham Alice M, Pfeifer Jennifer H, Fisher Philip A, Lin Weili, Gao Wei, Fair Damien A
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1715 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015 Apr;12:12-39. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.09.005. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research with infants and toddlers has increased rapidly over the past decade, and provided a unique window into early brain development. In the current report, we review the state of the literature, which has established the feasibility and utility of task-based fMRI and resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) during early periods of brain maturation. These methodologies have been successfully applied beginning in the neonatal period to increase understanding of how the brain both responds to environmental stimuli, and becomes organized into large-scale functional systems that support complex behaviors. We discuss the methodological challenges posed by this promising area of research. We also highlight that despite these challenges, early work indicates a strong potential for these methods to influence multiple research domains. As an example, we focus on the study of early life stress and its influence on brain development and mental health outcomes. We illustrate the promise of these methodologies for building on, and making important contributions to, the existing literature in this field.
在过去十年中，针对婴幼儿的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究迅速增加，并为早期大脑发育提供了一个独特的窗口。在本报告中，我们回顾了文献现状，这些文献证实了基于任务的fMRI和静息态功能连接MRI（rs-fcMRI）在大脑成熟早期阶段的可行性和实用性。这些方法已成功应用于新生儿期，以增进对大脑如何对环境刺激做出反应以及如何组织成支持复杂行为的大规模功能系统的理解。我们讨论了这一充满前景的研究领域所带来的方法学挑战。我们还强调，尽管存在这些挑战，但早期研究表明这些方法在影响多个研究领域方面具有巨大潜力。例如，我们重点关注早期生活压力及其对大脑发育和心理健康结果的影响。我们阐述了这些方法在借鉴该领域现有文献并为其做出重要贡献方面的前景。
