Arai Asuna, Arai Yumiko
Department of Gerontological Policy, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), 35 Gengo, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Health Care Policy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
Department of Gerontological Policy, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), 35 Gengo, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;60(1):39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.10.017. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
With the increasing number of older drivers, road traffic safety is an urgent public health issue. It is not easy for older drivers or their relatives to detect early signs of dangerous driving behaviors. We examine the types of driving behavior that increase in frequency with age. We surveyed people aged 40 and over among the general public in Japan using a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, driving status, frequency of driving, 12-items on physical symptoms possibly related to driving performance, and 28-items on driving behaviors. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of occurrence of each of the 28 driving behaviors for a 5-year increase in age. Significant associations with a 5-year increase in age after adjusting for confounding factors were found for the following directly unsafe driving behaviors: (1) little or no sign of attempts to avoid dangerous situations (OR for a 5-year increase in age=1.38, 95% CI: 1.18-1.63); (2) lack of attention to other people and cars (1.33, 1.12-1.60); (3) improper maneuvering around curves (1.33, 1.09-1.65); and (4) improper or no turn signals (1.33, 1.06-1.69). Information about these driving behaviors should be given to drivers and their stakeholders and used to caution participants when implementing educational programs for older drivers. Self-assessment of driving ability in older drivers provides useful information to raise awareness of their driving performance.
随着老年驾驶员数量的不断增加，道路交通安全成为一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。老年驾驶员或其亲属要察觉危险驾驶行为的早期迹象并非易事。我们研究了随年龄增长而增多的驾驶行为类型。我们通过一份关于社会人口学因素、驾驶状况、驾驶频率、12项可能与驾驶表现相关的身体症状以及28项驾驶行为的自填式问卷，对日本普通公众中40岁及以上的人群进行了调查。使用多重逻辑回归模型来估计年龄每增加5岁时28种驾驶行为中每种行为发生的优势比（OR）。在调整混杂因素后，发现以下直接不安全驾驶行为与年龄增加5岁存在显著关联：（1）几乎没有或完全没有试图避免危险情况的迹象（年龄增加5岁的OR = 1.38，95%置信区间：1.18 - 1.63）；（2）对其他人和车辆缺乏关注（1.33，1.12 - 1.60）；（3）在弯道处操作不当（1.33，1.09 - 1.65）；以及（4）使用不当或不使用转向灯（1.33，1.06 - 1.69）。应将这些驾驶行为的信息提供给驾驶员及其利益相关者，并在为老年驾驶员实施教育计划时用于提醒参与者。老年驾驶员对驾驶能力的自我评估可为提高他们对自身驾驶表现的认识提供有用信息。
