Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", P.za Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Jun;79:145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.034. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. The present study used a personality-attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Additionally, the relationship between aberrant self-reported driving behaviors and crash risk was also assessed. Three hundred and one bus drivers (mean age=39.1, SD=10.7 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, self-reported aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and accident risk in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that personality traits were associated to aberrant driving behaviors both directly and indirectly. In particular altruism, excitement seeking, and normlessness directly predicted bus drivers' attitudes toward traffic safety which, in turn, were negatively associated with the three types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviors. Personality traits relevant to emotionality directly predicted bus drivers' aberrant driving behaviors, without any mediation of attitudes. Finally, only self-reported violations were related to bus drivers' accident risk. The present findings suggest that the hypothesized personality-attitudes model accounts for aberrant driving behaviors in bus drivers, and provide the empirical basis for evidence-based road safety interventions in the context of public transport.
多项研究表明，人格特质和对交通安全的态度可以预测异常驾驶行为和事故参与。然而，这一过程在职业驾驶员（如公交车驾驶员）中尚未得到充分研究。本研究使用人格-态度模型来评估人格特质是否直接和间接预测异常自我报告的驾驶行为（驾驶违规、失误和错误），通过对大量公交车驾驶员的交通安全态度的影响。此外，还评估了异常自我报告的驾驶行为与碰撞风险之间的关系。301 名公交车驾驶员（平均年龄=39.1，SD=10.7 岁）完成了一项结构和匿名问卷，测量人格特质、对交通安全的态度、自我报告的异常驾驶行为（即错误、失误和交通违规）以及过去 12 个月的事故风险。结构方程模型分析表明，人格特质与异常驾驶行为直接和间接相关。利他主义、兴奋寻求和规范缺失等特质直接预测了公交车驾驶员对交通安全的态度，而这种态度又与三种自我报告的异常驾驶行为呈负相关。与情感相关的人格特质直接预测了公交车驾驶员的异常驾驶行为，而无需态度的任何中介作用。最后，只有自我报告的违规行为与公交车驾驶员的事故风险有关。本研究结果表明，假设的人格-态度模型可以解释公交车驾驶员的异常驾驶行为，并为公共交通背景下基于证据的道路安全干预提供了实证基础。
