Fischer Bernard A, McMahon Robert P, Kelly Deanna L, Wehring Heidi J, Meyer Walter A, Feldman Stephanie, Carpenter William T, Gorelick David A
Veterans Affairs Capital Network (VISN 5) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore, MD, USA; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2015 Feb;161(2-3):471-7. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.009. Epub 2014 Nov 22.
Risk-based decision making is altered in people with schizophrenia and in people with cannabis use compared to healthy controls; the pattern of risk-assessment in people with co-occurring schizophrenia and cannabis dependence is poorly understood. This study examined measures of risk-taking and decision-making in people with and without schizophrenia and/or cannabis dependence.
Participants with schizophrenia (n=24), cannabis dependence (n=23), schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis dependence (n=18), and healthy controls (n=24) were recruited from the community via advertisements and completed a one-visit battery of symptom, risk-based decision making, gambling behavior, cognitive, and addiction assessments. This report presents self-assessments of self-mastery, optimism, impulsivity, and sensation seeking and a behavioral assessment of risk (Balloon Analog Risk Task [BART]).
On self-report measures, participants with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis dependence were intermediate between those with only cannabis dependence or only schizophrenia on ratings of self-mastery, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity. There were no group differences on ratings of optimism. Their behavior on the BART was most similar to participants with only cannabis dependence or healthy controls, rather than to participants with only schizophrenia.
People with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis dependence may represent a unique group in terms of risk-perception and risk-taking. This has implications for interventions designed to influence health behaviors such as motivational interviewing.
与健康对照者相比，精神分裂症患者和大麻使用者基于风险的决策会发生改变；对于同时患有精神分裂症和大麻依赖的患者，其风险评估模式尚不清楚。本研究调查了有无精神分裂症和/或大麻依赖的人群的冒险和决策测量指标。
通过广告从社区招募患有精神分裂症（n = 24）、大麻依赖（n = 23）、精神分裂症合并大麻依赖（n = 18）以及健康对照者（n = 24），并让他们在一次就诊中完成一系列症状、基于风险的决策、赌博行为、认知和成瘾评估。本报告呈现了自我掌控、乐观主义、冲动性和感觉寻求的自我评估以及风险行为评估（气球模拟风险任务[BART]）。
在自我报告测量中，精神分裂症合并大麻依赖的参与者在自我掌控、感觉寻求和冲动性评分上介于仅患有大麻依赖或仅患有精神分裂症的参与者之间。在乐观主义评分上没有组间差异。他们在BART上的行为与仅患有大麻依赖的参与者或健康对照者最为相似，而非与仅患有精神分裂症的参与者相似。
精神分裂症合并大麻依赖的人群在风险感知和冒险方面可能代表一个独特的群体。这对旨在影响健康行为（如动机性访谈）的干预措施具有启示意义。
