Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2015 Jan 15;90(1-2):196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.051. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
The impact of underwater noise on marine life calls for identification of exposure criteria to inform mitigation. Here we review recent experimental evidence with focus on the high-frequency cetaceans and discuss scientifically-based initial exposure criteria. A range of new TTS experiments suggest that harbour and finless porpoises are more sensitive to sound than expected from extrapolations based on results from bottlenose dolphins. Furthermore, the results from TTS experiments and field studies of behavioural reactions to noise, suggest that response thresholds and TTS critically depend on stimulus frequency. Sound exposure levels for pure tones that induce TTS are reasonably consistent at about 100 dB above the hearing threshold for pure tones and sound pressure thresholds for avoidance reactions are in the range of 40-50 dB above the hearing threshold. We propose that frequency weighting with a filter function approximating the inversed audiogram might be appropriate when assessing impact.
水下噪声对海洋生物的影响要求确定暴露标准，以为缓解措施提供信息。在这里，我们回顾了最近的实验证据，重点关注高频鲸目动物，并讨论了基于科学的初步暴露标准。一系列新的 TTS 实验表明，港湾豚和江豚对声音的敏感程度高于基于宽吻海豚实验结果推断的敏感程度。此外，TTS 实验和对噪声行为反应的现场研究结果表明，反应阈值和 TTS 严重依赖于刺激频率。引起 TTS 的纯音的声暴露水平在纯音听阈以上约 100 dB 左右相当一致，而回避反应的声压阈值在听阈以上 40-50 dB 左右。我们建议，在评估影响时，使用近似于反听度曲线的滤波器函数进行频率加权可能是合适的。
