D'Cruz Rachel, Pang Tony C Y, Harvey John G, Holland Andrew J A
The Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, Burns Unit, and New South Wales Statewide Burn Injury Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Douglas Cohen Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Burns. 2015 Jun;41(4):764-9. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.10.020. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Chemical burns account for a small proportion of total burns in children, but may require specific first aid and different modes of prevention.
A retrospective study between 2006 and 2012 of children ≤16 years treated with chemical burns at a specialist paediatric burn centre. Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained database.
56 episodes of chemical burns occurred during the study period. The majority (54%) occurred in boys. There were 39 (72%) patients <10 years and 17 (39%) ≥10 years. Median total body surface area burnt was 1% with nine (16%) patients requiring skin grafting. Only 24 (45%) had adequate first aid. The majority (n=46, 82%) of chemical burns occurred in the domestic setting, especially in the <10 years age group (P=0.052). Non-intentional exposure of chemicals by an unattended child accounted for half of all (n=22, 49%) chemical burns <10 years of age. Eight (47%) burns in patients ≥10 years resulted from self-harm. The most common aetiological agents were household cleaners and aerosols in the younger and older age groups respectively.
Chemical burns remain infrequent but potentially preventable. These burns mainly occur in the domestic setting due to non-intentional exposure of household chemicals in children <10, and due to deliberate self-harm in children ≥10. The use of child-resistant packaging, similar to that used for medications, and improved parental practices could help decrease the incidence of burns in children <10.
化学烧伤在儿童烧伤总数中占比小，但可能需要特定的急救措施和不同的预防方式。
对2006年至2012年间在一家专业儿科烧伤中心接受化学烧伤治疗的16岁及以下儿童进行回顾性研究。数据从一个前瞻性维护的数据库中提取。
研究期间发生了56起化学烧伤事件。大多数（54%）发生在男孩身上。有39名（72%）患者年龄小于10岁，17名（39%）患者年龄大于等于10岁。烧伤的中位体表面积为1%，9名（16%）患者需要进行皮肤移植。只有24名（45%）患者接受了充分的急救。大多数（n = 46，82%）化学烧伤发生在家庭环境中，尤其是在年龄小于10岁的儿童中（P = 0.052）。无人看管的儿童意外接触化学品占所有10岁以下化学烧伤（n = 22，49%）的一半。10岁及以上患者中有8起（47%）烧伤是自残所致。最常见的病因在较年轻和较年长年龄组中分别是家用清洁剂和气溶胶。
化学烧伤仍然不常见，但有可能预防。这些烧伤主要发生在家庭环境中，10岁以下儿童是由于意外接触家用化学品，10岁及以上儿童是由于故意自残。使用与药品类似的儿童安全包装以及改善家长的行为习惯有助于降低10岁以下儿童烧伤的发生率。
