Czypiorski P, Altschmied J, Rabanter L L, Goy C, Jakob S, Haendeler J
Heisenberg-Group Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Curr Mol Med. 2014;14(10):1247-51. doi: 10.2174/1566524014666141202125935.
Over the past few years it has become clear that mitochondria are not merely the powerhouses of cells. Proteome-analyses of mitochondria from different organisms and organs revealed that more than 1000 proteins are localized in and/or on mitochondria. This by far exceeds the number of proteins required for classical mitochondrial functions, e.g. the respiratory chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation and apoptosis. This suggests that many of these proteins have other, as yet unknown functions. Several proteins with well-described nuclear functions, like the transcription factor FoxO3A or the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, have recently been shown to be localized also within the mitochondria. This mini-review will focus on the description of the functions of these two proteins in the nucleus and in the mitochondria - as two examples of many more proteins, which are yet to be uncovered. It will give insights into the role of these proteins within different organelles of the cell and will reveal that the functions of the proteins are probably not the same in the nucleus and the mitochondria. Therefore, these differences have to be considered when targeting proteins for therapeutic approaches.
在过去几年中，线粒体不仅仅是细胞的能量工厂这一点已变得清晰。对来自不同生物体和器官的线粒体进行蛋白质组分析发现，超过1000种蛋白质定位于线粒体内部和/或表面。这远远超过了经典线粒体功能（如呼吸链、三羧酸循环、脂肪酸氧化和细胞凋亡）所需的蛋白质数量。这表明这些蛋白质中的许多具有其他尚未知晓的功能。最近发现，一些具有明确核功能的蛋白质，如转录因子FoxO3A或端粒酶逆转录酶，也定位于线粒体内。这篇小型综述将聚焦于这两种蛋白质在细胞核和线粒体中的功能描述——作为众多有待发现的蛋白质中的两个例子。它将深入探讨这些蛋白质在细胞不同细胞器中的作用，并揭示这些蛋白质在细胞核和线粒体中的功能可能并不相同。因此，在针对蛋白质进行治疗时必须考虑这些差异。
