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减数分裂中的纺锤体检查点与染色体分离

The spindle checkpoint and chromosome segregation in meiosis.

作者信息

Gorbsky Gary J

机构信息

Cell Cycle & Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, USA.

出版信息

FEBS J. 2015 Jul;282(13):2471-87. doi: 10.1111/febs.13166. Epub 2015 Jan 12.

DOI:10.1111/febs.13166
PMID:25470754
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4454629/
Abstract

The spindle checkpoint is a key regulator of chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. Its function is to prevent precocious anaphase onset before chromosomes have achieved bipolar attachment to the spindle. The spindle checkpoint comprises a complex set of signaling pathways that integrate microtubule dynamics, biomechanical forces at the kinetochores, and intricate regulation of protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Historically, many key observations that gave rise to the initial concepts of the spindle checkpoint were made in meiotic systems. In contrast with mitosis, the two distinct chromosome segregation events of meiosis present a special challenge for the regulation of checkpoint signaling. Preservation of fidelity in chromosome segregation in meiosis, controlled by the spindle checkpoint, also has a significant impact in human health. This review highlights the contributions from meiotic systems in understanding the spindle checkpoint as well as the role of checkpoint signaling in controlling the complex divisions of meiosis.

摘要

纺锤体检查点是有丝分裂和减数分裂中染色体分离的关键调节因子。其功能是防止在染色体实现与纺锤体的双极附着之前过早进入后期。纺锤体检查点由一组复杂的信号通路组成，这些信号通路整合了微管动力学、动粒处的生物力学力以及蛋白质相互作用和翻译后修饰的精细调节。从历史上看，许多产生纺锤体检查点最初概念的关键观察结果是在减数分裂系统中做出的。与有丝分裂不同，减数分裂中两个不同的染色体分离事件对检查点信号的调节提出了特殊挑战。由纺锤体检查点控制的减数分裂中染色体分离保真度的维持，对人类健康也有重大影响。本综述强调了减数分裂系统在理解纺锤体检查点方面的贡献，以及检查点信号在控制减数分裂复杂分裂中的作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/bae931068d28/nihms646562f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/e21b4a71d3f2/nihms646562f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/0f8e27ab1d71/nihms646562f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/3ed0812aa145/nihms646562f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/788c27e46e72/nihms646562f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/bae931068d28/nihms646562f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/e21b4a71d3f2/nihms646562f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/0f8e27ab1d71/nihms646562f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/3ed0812aa145/nihms646562f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/788c27e46e72/nihms646562f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f618/4454629/bae931068d28/nihms646562f5.jpg

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Rejuvenation of meiotic cohesion in oocytes during prophase I is required for chiasma maintenance and accurate chromosome segregation.
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