Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, P.O. Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Mar 1;508:115-21. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.082. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
The salmon louse (Lepeoptheirus salmonis) is a challenge in the farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). To treat an infestation, different insecticides are used like the orally administered chitin synthetase inhibitor teflubenzuron. The concentrations and distribution of teflubenzuron were measured in water, organic particles, marine sediment and biota caught in the vicinity of a fish farm following a standard medication. Low concentrations were found in water samples whereas the organic waste from the farm, collected by sediment traps had concentrations higher than the medicated feed. Most of the organic waste was distributed to the bottom close to the farm but organic particles containing teflubenzuron were collected 1100 m from the farm. The sediment under the farm consisted of 5 to 10% organic material and therefore the concentration of teflubenzuron was much lower than in the organic waste. Teflubenzuron was persistent in the sediment with a stipulated halflife of 170 days. Sediment consuming polychaetes had high but decreasing concentrations of teflubenzuron throughout the experimental period, reflecting the decrease of teflubenzuron in the sediment. During medication most wild fauna contained teflubenzuron residues and where polychaetes and saith had highest concentrations. Eight months later only polychaetes and some crustaceans contained drug residues. What dosages that induce mortality in various crustaceans following short or long-term exposure is not known but the results indicate that the concentrations in defined individuals of king crab, shrimp, squat lobster and Norway lobster were high enough shortly after medication to induce mortality if moulting was imminent. Considering food safety, saith and the brown meat of crustaceans contained at first sampling concentrations of teflubenzuron higher than the MRL-value set for Atlantic salmon. The concentrations were, however, moderate and the amount of saith fillet or brown meat of crustaceans to be consumed in order to exceed ADI is relatively large.
鲑虱（Lepeoptheirus salmonis）是养殖大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）的一个挑战。为了治疗感染，会使用不同的杀虫剂，如口服几丁质合成酶抑制剂氟苯脲。在标准用药后，测量了鲑虱养殖场附近水中、有机颗粒、海洋沉积物和生物体内的氟苯脲浓度和分布。水中样本中发现的浓度较低，而通过沉积物陷阱收集的来自养殖场的有机废物的浓度高于用药饲料。大部分有机废物被分配到底部靠近养殖场的地方，但含有氟苯脲的有机颗粒在离养殖场 1100 米的地方被收集。养殖场下的沉积物由 5%至 10%的有机物质组成，因此氟苯脲的浓度远低于有机废物。氟苯脲在沉积物中具有持久性，规定半衰期为 170 天。在整个实验期间，食用沉积物的多毛类动物体内氟苯脲浓度较高，但呈下降趋势，反映了沉积物中氟苯脲的减少。在用药期间，大多数野生动物体内都含有氟苯脲残留，其中多毛类动物和虾虎鱼体内的浓度最高。八个月后，只有多毛类动物和一些甲壳类动物体内仍含有药物残留。短时间或长时间暴露于何种剂量会导致各种甲壳类动物死亡尚不清楚，但结果表明，在用药后不久，帝王蟹、虾、螯龙虾和挪威海螯虾等特定个体体内的药物浓度足以导致死亡，如果它们即将蜕皮。考虑到食品安全，最初采样时，贻贝和甲壳类动物的棕色肉中氟苯脲的浓度高于为大西洋鲑设定的 MRL 值。但浓度适中，要超过 ADI 值，需要摄入的贻贝鱼片或甲壳类动物棕色肉的量相对较大。
