Deeg K H
Ultraschall Med. 2015 Apr;36(2):104-18; quiz 119-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1385493. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Cyanosis in newborns can be caused by cyanotic heart defects, such as transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary and tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, common arterial trunk, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, and total anomalous pulmonary venous return. The indicated cyanotic heart defects can be diagnosed or ruled out with three simple echocardiographic views: The parasternal long and short axis view and the apical or subcostal 4-chamber view. If these three views are normal, a cyanotic heart defect can be ruled out. In the case of a cyanotic heart defect, one or more views are pathological.
新生儿青紫可由青紫型先天性心脏病引起，如大动脉转位、法洛四联症、肺动脉和三尖瓣闭锁、左心发育不全综合征、共同动脉干、三尖瓣埃布斯坦畸形以及完全性肺静脉异位引流。通过三个简单的超声心动图切面可诊断或排除上述青紫型先天性心脏病：胸骨旁长轴和短轴切面以及心尖或肋下四腔心切面。如果这三个切面正常，则可排除青紫型先天性心脏病。若存在青紫型先天性心脏病，一个或多个切面会呈现病理性改变。
