International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 4;9(12):e114073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114073. eCollection 2014.
Tobacco use in India is characterized by a high prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use, with dual use also contributing a noticeable proportion. In the context of such a high burden of tobacco use, this study examines the regional variations, and socioeconomic, demographic and other correlates of smoking, smokeless tobacco and dual use of tobacco in India.
We analyzed a cross sectional, nationally representative sample of individuals from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in India (2009-10), which covered 69,296 individuals aged 15 years and above. The current tobacco use in three forms, namely, smoking only, smokeless tobacco use only, and both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were considered as outcomes in this study. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and multinomial logistic regression analysis were adopted as analytical tools. Smokeless tobacco use was the major form of tobacco use in India followed by smoking and dual tobacco use. Tobacco use was higher among males, the less educated, the poor, and the rural population in India. Respondents lacking knowledge of health hazards of tobacco had higher prevalence of tobacco use in each form. The prevalence of different forms of tobacco use varies significantly by states. The prevalence of tobacco use increases concomitantly with age among females. Middle-aged adult males had higher prevalence of tobacco use. Age, education and region were found to be significant determinants of all forms of tobacco use. Adults from the poor household had significantly higher risk of consuming smokeless tobacco. Lack of awareness about the selected hazards of tobacco significantly affects tobacco use.
There is an urgent need to curb the use of tobacco among the sub-groups of population with higher prevalence. Tobacco control policies in India should adopt a targeted, population-based approach to control and reduce tobacco consumption in the country.
印度的烟草使用情况以吸烟和无烟烟草使用的高流行率为特征，双重使用也占了相当大的比例。在这种高烟草使用负担的背景下，本研究考察了印度吸烟、无烟烟草和双重使用烟草的区域差异以及社会经济、人口统计学和其他相关因素。
我们分析了印度全球成人烟草调查（2009-10 年）的一个横断面、全国代表性样本，其中包括 69296 名 15 岁及以上的个体。本研究将三种形式的当前烟草使用（即仅吸烟、仅使用无烟烟草和同时使用吸烟和无烟烟草）作为结果。采用描述性统计、交叉表和多项逻辑回归分析作为分析工具。在印度，无烟烟草使用是主要的烟草使用形式，其次是吸烟和双重烟草使用。在印度，烟草使用在男性、受教育程度较低、贫困和农村人口中较高。对烟草危害缺乏认识的受访者在每种形式的烟草使用中都有较高的流行率。不同形式的烟草使用在各州之间差异显著。女性的烟草使用随着年龄的增长而增加。中年男性的烟草使用更为普遍。年龄、教育和地区是所有形式的烟草使用的重要决定因素。来自贫困家庭的成年人有更高的风险使用无烟烟草。对选定的烟草危害缺乏认识会显著影响烟草使用。
迫切需要遏制高流行率人群中烟草的使用。印度的烟草控制政策应采取以人口为基础的有针对性的方法，控制和减少该国的烟草消费。
