Whiteson Katrine L, Lazarevic Vladimir, Tangomo-Bento Manuela, Girard Myriam, Maughan Heather, Pittet Didier, Francois Patrice, Schrenzel Jacques
Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America.
Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Dec 4;8(12):e3240. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003240. eCollection 2014 Dec.
We aim to understand the microbial ecology of noma (cancrum oris), a devastating ancient illness which causes severe facial disfigurement in>140,000 malnourished children every year. The cause of noma is still elusive. A chaotic mix of microbial infection, oral hygiene and weakened immune system likely contribute to the development of oral lesions. These lesions are a plausible entry point for unidentified microorganisms that trigger gangrenous facial infections. To catalog bacteria present in noma lesions and identify candidate noma-triggering organisms, we performed a cross-sectional sequencing study of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from sixty samples of gingival fluid from twelve healthy children, twelve children suffering from noma (lesion and healthy sites), and twelve children suffering from Acute Necrotizing Gingivitis (ANG) (lesion and healthy sites). Relative to healthy individuals, samples taken from lesions in diseased mouths were enriched with Spirochaetes and depleted for Proteobacteria. Samples taken from healthy sites of diseased mouths had proportions of Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria that were similar to healthy control individuals. Samples from noma mouths did not have a higher abundance of Fusobacterium, casting doubt on its role as a causative agent of noma. Microbial communities sampled from noma and ANG lesions were dominated by the same Prevotella intermedia OTU, which was much less abundant in healthy sites sampled from the same mouths. Multivariate analysis confirmed that bacterial communities in healthy and lesion sites were significantly different. Several OTUs in the Orders Erysipelotrichales, Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, and Spirochaetales were identified as indicators of noma, suggesting that one or more microbes within these Orders is associated with the development of noma lesions. Future studies should include longitudinal sampling of viral and microbial components of this community, before and early in noma lesion development.
我们旨在了解坏疽性口炎（走马疳）的微生物生态学，这是一种古老的毁灭性疾病，每年导致超过140,000名营养不良儿童面部严重毁容。坏疽性口炎的病因仍然不明。微生物感染、口腔卫生和免疫系统减弱的混乱组合可能导致口腔病变的发展。这些病变可能是引发坏疽性面部感染的不明微生物的一个合理入口点。为了对坏疽性口炎病变中存在的细菌进行分类并识别引发坏疽性口炎的候选微生物，我们对来自12名健康儿童、12名患有坏疽性口炎的儿童（病变部位和健康部位）以及12名患有急性坏死性龈炎（ANG）的儿童（病变部位和健康部位）的60份龈沟液样本进行了16S rRNA基因扩增子的横断面测序研究。相对于健康个体，患病口腔病变部位采集的样本中螺旋体富集，变形菌减少。从患病口腔健康部位采集的样本中螺旋体和变形菌的比例与健康对照个体相似。来自坏疽性口炎患者口腔的样本中具核梭杆菌的丰度并不更高，这使人怀疑其作为坏疽性口炎病原体的作用。从坏疽性口炎和ANG病变部位采集的微生物群落以相同的中间普氏菌OTU为主，在同一口腔的健康部位其丰度要低得多。多变量分析证实，健康部位和病变部位的细菌群落存在显著差异。丹毒丝菌目、梭菌目、拟杆菌目和螺旋体目中的几个OTU被确定为坏疽性口炎的指标，表明这些目中的一种或多种微生物与坏疽性口炎病变的发展有关联。未来的研究应包括在坏疽性口炎病变发展之前和早期对该群落的病毒和微生物成分进行纵向采样。
