Duran-Pinedo Ana E, Chen Tsute, Teles Ricardo, Starr Jacqueline R, Wang Xiaoshan, Krishnan Keerthana, Frias-Lopez Jorge
Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
1] Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA [2] Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
ISME J. 2014 Aug;8(8):1659-72. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2014.23. Epub 2014 Mar 6.
Despite increasing knowledge on phylogenetic composition of the human microbiome, our understanding of the in situ activities of the organisms in the community and their interactions with each other and with the environment remains limited. Characterizing gene expression profiles of the human microbiome is essential for linking the role of different members of the bacterial communities in health and disease. The oral microbiome is one of the most complex microbial communities in the human body and under certain circumstances, not completely understood, the healthy microbial community undergoes a transformation toward a pathogenic state that gives rise to periodontitis, a polymicrobial inflammatory disease. We report here the in situ genome-wide transcriptome of the subgingival microbiome in six periodontally healthy individuals and seven individuals with periodontitis. The overall picture of metabolic activities showed that iron acquisition, lipopolysaccharide synthesis and flagellar synthesis were major activities defining disease. Unexpectedly, the vast majority of virulence factors upregulated in subjects with periodontitis came from organisms that are not considered major periodontal pathogens. One of the organisms whose gene expression profile was characterized was the uncultured candidate division TM7, showing an upregulation of putative virulence factors in the diseased community. These data enhance understanding of the core activities that are characteristic of periodontal disease as well as the role that individual organisms in the subgingival community play in periodontitis.
尽管我们对人类微生物组的系统发育组成的了解日益增加，但我们对群落中生物体的原位活性及其相互之间以及与环境的相互作用的理解仍然有限。表征人类微生物组的基因表达谱对于将细菌群落中不同成员在健康和疾病中的作用联系起来至关重要。口腔微生物组是人体中最复杂的微生物群落之一，在某些情况下，健康的微生物群落会向致病状态转变，从而引发牙周炎，这是一种多微生物炎症性疾病，但目前尚未完全了解。我们在此报告了6名牙周健康个体和7名牙周炎患者龈下微生物组的原位全基因组转录组。代谢活动的总体情况表明，铁获取、脂多糖合成和鞭毛合成是定义疾病的主要活动。出乎意料的是，在牙周炎患者中上调的绝大多数毒力因子来自不被视为主要牙周病原体的生物体。其基因表达谱得到表征的生物体之一是未培养的候选分类群TM7，它在患病群落中显示出假定毒力因子的上调。这些数据增强了我们对牙周疾病特征性核心活动以及龈下群落中个体生物体在牙周炎中所起作用的理解。
