López-Torrecillas Francisca, Perales José C, Nieto-Ruiz Ana, Verdejo-García Antonio
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 4;9(12):e112440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112440. eCollection 2014.
Temperament and impulsivity are powerful predictors of addiction treatment outcomes. However, a comprehensive assessment of these features has not been examined in relation to smoking cessation outcomes.
Naturalistic prospective study. Treatment-seeking smokers (n = 140) were recruited as they engaged in an occupational health clinic providing smoking cessation treatment between 2009 and 2013. Participants were assessed at baseline with measures of temperament (Temperament and Character Inventory), trait impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale), and cognitive impulsivity (Go/No Go, Delay Discounting and Iowa Gambling Task). The outcome measure was treatment status, coded as "dropout" versus "relapse" versus "abstinence" at 3, 6, and 12 months endpoints. Participants were telephonically contacted and reminded of follow-up face to face assessments at each endpoint. The participants that failed to answer the phone calls or self-reported discontinuation of treatment and failed to attend the upcoming follow-up session were coded as dropouts. The participants that self-reported continuing treatment, and successfully attended the upcoming follow-up session were coded as either "relapse" or "abstinence", based on the results of smoking behavior self-reports cross-validated with co-oximetry hemoglobin levels. Multinomial regression models were conducted to test whether temperament and impulsivity measures predicted dropout and relapse relative to abstinence outcomes.
Higher scores on temperament dimensions of novelty seeking and reward dependence predicted poorer retention across endpoints, whereas only higher scores on persistence predicted greater relapse. Higher scores on the trait dimension of non-planning impulsivity but not performance on cognitive impulsivity predicted poorer retention. Higher non-planning impulsivity and poorer performance in the Iowa Gambling Task predicted greater relapse at 3 and 6 months and 6 months respectively.
Temperament measures, and specifically novelty seeking and reward dependence, predict smoking cessation treatment retention, whereas persistence, non-planning impulsivity and poor decision-making predict smoking relapse.
气质和冲动性是成瘾治疗结果的有力预测指标。然而，尚未针对戒烟结果对这些特征进行全面评估。
自然主义前瞻性研究。2009年至2013年期间，在一家提供戒烟治疗的职业健康诊所招募寻求治疗的吸烟者（n = 140）。在基线时，使用气质测量工具（气质与性格量表）、特质冲动性测量工具（巴拉特冲动性量表）和认知冲动性测量工具（停止信号任务、延迟折扣任务和爱荷华赌博任务）对参与者进行评估。结果测量指标为治疗状态，在3个月、6个月和12个月的终点时编码为“退出治疗”、“复吸”和“戒烟成功”。通过电话联系参与者，并提醒他们在每个终点进行面对面的随访评估。未能接听电话或自我报告停止治疗且未参加即将到来的随访的参与者被编码为退出治疗。自我报告继续治疗且成功参加即将到来的随访的参与者，根据与一氧化碳血红蛋白水平交叉验证的吸烟行为自我报告结果，被编码为“复吸”或“戒烟成功”。进行多项回归模型分析，以检验气质和冲动性测量指标是否能预测相对于戒烟成功结果的退出治疗和复吸情况。
在寻求新奇和奖励依赖的气质维度上得分较高，预示着在各个终点的留存率较差，而只有在坚持性维度上得分较高预示着更高的复吸率。在非计划性冲动特质维度上得分较高，但认知冲动性表现得分则不能预测较差的留存率。在非计划性冲动性方面得分较高以及在爱荷华赌博任务中表现较差，分别预示着在3个月、6个月和6个月时更高的复吸率。
气质测量指标，特别是寻求新奇和奖励依赖，可预测戒烟治疗的留存率，而坚持性、非计划性冲动性和决策能力差则可预测吸烟复吸。
