Walzl Gerhard, Haks Mariëlle C, Joosten Simone A, Kleynhans Léanie, Ronacher Katharina, Ottenhoff Tom H M
DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014 Dec 4;5(4):a018515. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018515.
The discovery of tuberculosis (TB) biomarkers is an important goal in current TB research, because the availability of such markers would have significant impact on TB prevention and treatment. Correlates of protection would greatly facilitate vaccine development and evaluation, whereas correlates of TB disease risk would facilitate early diagnosis and help installing early or preventive treatment. Currently, no such markers are available. This review describes several strategies that are currently being pursued to identify TB biomarkers and places these in a clinical context. The approaches discussed include both targeted and untargeted hypothesis-free strategies. Among the first are the measurements of specific biomarkers in antigen-stimulated peripheral blood, in serum or plasma, and detailed immune cell phenotyping. Among the latter are proteomic, genomic, and transcriptomic (mRNA, miRNA) approaches. Recent and promising developments are described.
结核病(TB)生物标志物的发现是当前结核病研究的一个重要目标,因为此类标志物的可得性将对结核病的预防和治疗产生重大影响。保护性关联指标将极大地促进疫苗的研发和评估,而结核病发病风险关联指标则有助于早期诊断,并有助于开展早期或预防性治疗。目前,尚无此类标志物。本综述描述了目前为识别结核病生物标志物而采用的几种策略,并将这些策略置于临床背景中进行探讨。所讨论的方法包括靶向和非靶向的无假设策略。前者包括对抗原刺激的外周血、血清或血浆中的特定生物标志物进行测量,以及详细的免疫细胞表型分析。后者包括蛋白质组学、基因组学和转录组学(mRNA、miRNA)方法。文中还描述了近期取得的、前景广阔的进展。