Martin Darius Riziki, Sibuyi Nicole Remaliah, Dube Phumuzile, Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun, Cloete Ruben, Onani Martin, Madiehe Abram Madimabe, Meyer Mervin
DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Jul 28;11(8):1352. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11081352.
The transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) is very rapid and the burden it places on health care systems is felt globally. The effective management and prevention of this disease requires that it is detected early. Current TB diagnostic approaches, such as the culture, sputum smear, skin tuberculin, and molecular tests are time-consuming, and some are unaffordable for low-income countries. Rapid tests for disease biomarker detection are mostly based on immunological assays that use antibodies which are costly to produce, have low sensitivity and stability. Aptamers can replace antibodies in these diagnostic tests for the development of new rapid tests that are more cost effective; more stable at high temperatures and therefore have a better shelf life; do not have batch-to-batch variations, and thus more consistently bind to a specific target with similar or higher specificity and selectivity and are therefore more reliable. Advancements in TB research, in particular the application of proteomics to identify TB specific biomarkers, led to the identification of a number of biomarker proteins, that can be used to develop aptamer-based diagnostic assays able to screen individuals at the point-of-care (POC) more efficiently in resource-limited settings.
结核病（TB）的传播非常迅速，其给全球医疗系统带来的负担是巨大的。有效管理和预防这种疾病需要早期发现。当前的结核病诊断方法，如培养、痰涂片、皮肤结核菌素试验和分子检测，都很耗时，而且对于低收入国家来说，有些方法费用过高。用于疾病生物标志物检测的快速检测大多基于免疫分析，而这些免疫分析所使用的抗体生产成本高昂，灵敏度和稳定性较低。适体可以在这些诊断检测中替代抗体，以开发更具成本效益的新型快速检测方法；在高温下更稳定，因此保质期更长；不存在批次间差异，从而能更一致地以相似或更高的特异性和选择性与特定靶点结合，因此更可靠。结核病研究的进展，尤其是蛋白质组学在识别结核病特异性生物标志物方面的应用，促成了一些生物标志物蛋白的识别，这些蛋白可用于开发基于适体的诊断检测方法，从而能够在资源有限的环境中更有效地在护理点（POC）筛查个体。
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