Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Am J Pathol. 2015 Feb;185(2):399-408. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.014. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
Tumor growth and metastasis are not determined by cancer cells alone but also by a variety of stromal cells, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-Rs) are overexpressed by various stromal cell populations. Activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling is frequently observed in many cancer types. We investigated whether the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, alone or in combination with the PDGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib, can inhibit growth and metastasis of human colon cancer. The effects of nilotinib and everolimus on tumor growth and metastasis were examined in an orthotopic mouse model of human colon cancer and a model of liver metastasis. After treatment with nilotinib (versus distilled water), the stromal reaction of xenografts growing in the cecal wall and liver was significantly decreased. After treatment with everolimus, the stromal reaction did not decrease, but tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density decreased. With the two drugs in combination, both stromal reaction and tumor cell proliferation decreased and apoptosis of tumor cells increased, resulting in remarkable inhibition of tumor growth at both the orthotopic and the metastatic site. Concurrent inhibition of tumor cells and activated stromal cells by a PDGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor used in combination may represent a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer.
肿瘤的生长和转移不仅取决于癌细胞,还取决于各种基质细胞,血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGF-Rs)在各种基质细胞群体中过表达。PI3K-AKT-mTOR 信号通路的激活在许多癌症类型中经常观察到。我们研究了单独使用 mTOR 抑制剂依维莫司或与 PDGF-R 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂尼洛替尼联合使用是否可以抑制人结肠癌的生长和转移。在人结肠癌的原位小鼠模型和肝转移模型中,研究了尼洛替尼和依维莫司对肿瘤生长和转移的影响。与蒸馏水相比,尼洛替尼治疗后,在盲肠壁和肝脏中生长的异种移植物的基质反应明显减少。依维莫司治疗后,基质反应没有减少,但肿瘤细胞增殖和微血管密度减少。两种药物联合使用时,基质反应和肿瘤细胞增殖均减少,肿瘤细胞凋亡增加,导致原位和转移部位的肿瘤生长明显受到抑制。PDGF-R 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和 mTOR 抑制剂的联合应用可同时抑制肿瘤细胞和激活的基质细胞,这可能代表一种治疗结直肠癌的新方法。