Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, San Eloy Hospital, Barakaldo 48902, Spain.
World J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jun 28;27(24):3516-3529. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3516.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a tremendous impact on the health of millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, those suffering from previous pathological conditions are more vulnerable and tend to develop more severe disease upon infection with the new SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to invade the cells. Recently, another receptor, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), has been reported to amplify the viral infection. Interestingly, NRP-1 is expressed in nonparenchymal liver cells and is related to and upregulated in a wide variety of liver-related pathologies. It has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes liver injury through several pathways that may be influenced by the previous pathological status of the patient and liver expression of NRP-1. Moreover, coronavirus disease 2019 causes an inflammatory cascade called cytokine storm in patients with severe disease. This cytokine storm may influence liver sinusoidal-cell phenotype, facilitating viral invasion. In this review, the shreds of evidence linking NRP-1 with liver pathologies such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory disorders are discussed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the involvement of the infection-related cytokine storm in NRP-1 overexpression and the subsequent increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection are also analyzed. This review aims to shed some light on the involvement of liver NRP-1 during SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the possible involvement this receptor with the observed liver damage.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）大流行对全球数百万人的健康造成了巨大影响。不幸的是，那些患有先前病理状况的人更容易受到影响，并且在感染新的 SARS-CoV-2 时往往会发展出更严重的疾病。这种冠状病毒与血管紧张素转换酶 2 受体相互作用以入侵细胞。最近，另一种受体，神经纤毛蛋白-1（NRP-1），已被报道可放大病毒感染。有趣的是，NRP-1 在非实质肝细胞中表达，与广泛的肝相关病理相关，并在其中上调。已经观察到 SARS-CoV-2 感染通过几种途径促进肝损伤，这些途径可能受患者先前的病理状态和肝 NRP-1 的表达影响。此外，2019 年冠状病毒病在重症患者中引起称为细胞因子风暴的炎症级联反应。这种细胞因子风暴可能会影响肝窦状细胞表型，促进病毒入侵。在这篇综述中，讨论了 NRP-1 与肝细胞癌、肝纤维化、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和炎症性疾病等肝病理相关的证据，并将其置于 SARS-CoV-2 感染的背景下。此外，还分析了感染相关的细胞因子风暴在 NRP-1 过表达中的作用，以及随后 SARS-CoV-2 感染风险的增加。这篇综述旨在阐明 SARS-CoV-2 感染期间肝 NRP-1 的参与，并强调该受体与观察到的肝损伤可能存在的关系。
