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同时抑制MEK和Hh信号通路可减少胰腺癌转移。

Simultaneous Inhibition of MEK and Hh Signaling Reduces Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis.

作者信息

Gu Dongsheng, Lin Hai, Zhang Xiaoli, Fan Qipeng, Chen Shaoxiong, Shahda Safi, Liu Yunlong, Sun Jie, Xie Jingwu

机构信息

Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

出版信息

Cancers (Basel). 2018 Oct 26;10(11):403. doi: 10.3390/cancers10110403.

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer, mostly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is one of the most lethal cancer types, with an estimated 44,330 death in 2018 in the US alone. While targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved treatment options for patients with lung cancer and renal cell carcinomas, little progress has been made in pancreatic cancer, with a dismal 5-year survival rate currently at 8%. Upon diagnosis, the majority of pancreatic cancer cases (80%) are already metastatic. Thus, identifying ways to reduce pancreatic cancer metastasis is an unmet medical need. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer is notorious resistant to chemotherapy. While Kirsten RAt Sarcoma virus oncogene (K-RAS) mutation is the major driver for pancreatic cancer, specific inhibition of RAS signaling has been very challenging, and combination therapy is thought to be promising. In this study, we report that combination of hedgehog (Hh) and Mitogen-activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase (MEK) signaling inhibitors reduces pancreatic cancer metastasis in mouse models. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer metastasis using human pancreatic cancer cells, we found that Hh target gene is up-regulated during pancreatic cancer metastasis. Specific inhibition of smoothened signaling significantly altered the gene expression profile of the tumor microenvironment but had no significant effects on cancer metastasis. By combining Hh signaling inhibitor BMS833923 with RAS downstream MEK signaling inhibitor AZD6244, we observed reduced number of metastatic nodules in several mouse models for pancreatic cancer metastasis. These two inhibitors also decreased cell proliferation significantly and reduced CD45⁺ cells (particularly Ly6G⁺CD11b⁺ cells). We demonstrated that depleting Ly6G⁺ CD11b⁺ cells is sufficient to reduce cancer cell proliferation and the number of metastatic nodules. , Ly6G⁺ CD11b⁺ cells can stimulate cancer cell proliferation, and this effect is sensitive to MEK and Hh inhibition. Our studies may help design novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate pancreatic cancer metastasis.

摘要

胰腺癌,主要是胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC),是最致命的癌症类型之一,仅在美国,2018年估计就有44330人死亡。虽然靶向治疗和免疫检查点抑制剂显著改善了肺癌和肾细胞癌患者的治疗选择,但胰腺癌治疗进展甚微,目前5年生存率低至约8%。确诊时,大多数胰腺癌病例(约80%)已发生转移。因此,找到减少胰腺癌转移的方法是一项未被满足的医疗需求。此外,胰腺癌对化疗具有 notoriously 抗性。虽然 Kirsten 大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因(K-RAS)突变是胰腺癌的主要驱动因素,但对RAS信号进行特异性抑制一直极具挑战性,联合治疗被认为很有前景。在本研究中,我们报告称,刺猬信号通路(Hh)和丝裂原活化蛋白/细胞外信号调节激酶激酶(MEK)信号抑制剂联合使用可减少小鼠模型中的胰腺癌转移。在使用人胰腺癌细胞的胰腺癌转移小鼠模型中,我们发现Hh靶基因在胰腺癌转移过程中上调。对 smoothened 信号进行特异性抑制显著改变了肿瘤微环境的基因表达谱,但对癌症转移没有显著影响。通过将Hh信号抑制剂BMS833923与RAS下游MEK信号抑制剂AZD6244联合使用,我们在多个胰腺癌转移小鼠模型中观察到转移结节数量减少。这两种抑制剂还显著降低了细胞增殖,并减少了CD45⁺细胞(特别是Ly6G⁺CD11b⁺细胞)。我们证明,清除Ly6G⁺CD11b⁺细胞足以减少癌细胞增殖和转移结节数量。 ,Ly6G⁺CD11b⁺细胞可刺激癌细胞增殖,且这种效应对MEK和Hh抑制敏感。我们的研究可能有助于设计减轻胰腺癌转移的新型治疗策略。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cf5d/6266431/ce99f17683c8/cancers-10-00403-g001.jpg

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