Nucleolus-tethering system (NoTS).

Multiple biological processes are regulated by complicated interaction networks formed by protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions. Nuclear bodies (NBs) are a class of membrane-less subnuclear structures, acting as reaction sites, storage and modification sites, or transcription regulating sites involved in signaling transduction. Biochemical and fluorescence-based methods are widely used to study protein-protein interactions, but false-positive results are a major issue, especially for some fluorescence-based methods. Moreover, these methods fail to be applied to study the formation of NBs, which were characterized by a popular bacterial Lac operator and/or repressor (LacO/LacI) system in mammalian cells. Methods investigating assembly of plant NBs are not available. We have recently developed a nucleolar marker protein nucleolin2 (Nuc2)-based method named Nucleolus-tethering System (NoTS) and showed its application in interaction assay among nucleoplasmic proteins and initiation of plant specific NBs, photobodies. In this extraview, we will compare NoTS with the traditional methods and discuss the assembly mechanisms of NBs, in addition to advantages, limitations, and perspectives about the application of NoTS.