State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Mar;113:45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.014. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
Lead (Pb) and BDE209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) are the main contaminants at e-waste recycling sites, and their potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. However, the impact on earthworms of exposure to the two chemicals remains almost unknown. Therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the uptake and toxicity of Pb in the presence of BDE209 to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results have demonstrated that the presence of BDE209 facilitated the release of Pb into soil porewater. Compared with exposure to Pb alone, simultaneous exposure to BDE209 significantly enhanced the Pb uptake rate at the level of p<0.05, while decreased the depuration rate, ultimately resulting in a larger bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value. Additionally, BDE209 addition reduced the antioxidant enzymatic activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)] and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The decline trend in antioxidant enzymatic activities and T-AOC might explain an increase in lipid peroxidation reflected by the observed augment in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Moreover, a biomarker of the lysosomal membrane stability, measured by neutral red retention time (NRRT), was also investigated. The NRRT obviously declined in the joint presence of BDE209, indicating a distinct time-response relationship. The results of these observations have provided a basic understanding of the potential eco-toxicological effects of joint heavy metal and BDE209 exposure on terrestrial invertebrates in a multi-contamination context of ecosystems.
铅（Pb）和 BDE209（十溴二苯醚）是电子废物回收场所的主要污染物，它们对陆地生物的潜在毒理学影响受到了广泛关注。然而，这两种化学物质对蚯蚓的影响几乎未知。因此，进行了室内孵化试验，以确定 BDE209 存在时，Pb 在受污染土壤样本中的蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓）体内的摄取和毒性。结果表明，BDE209 的存在促进了 Pb 向土壤孔隙水中的释放。与单独暴露于 Pb 相比，同时暴露于 BDE209 显著提高了 Pb 的摄取率（p<0.05），同时降低了净化率，最终导致更大的生物积累因子（BAF）值。此外，BDE209 的添加降低了抗氧化酶活性[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）]和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）。抗氧化酶活性和 T-AOC 的下降趋势可能解释了脂质过氧化的增加，这反映在丙二醛（MDA）水平的增加上。此外，还研究了溶酶体膜稳定性的生物标志物，通过中性红保留时间（NRRT）测量。在 BDE209 同时存在的情况下，NRRT 明显下降，表明存在明显的时间反应关系。这些观察结果提供了对生态系统中多污染情境下重金属和 BDE209 联合暴露对陆地无脊椎动物潜在生态毒理学影响的基本理解。
