Levinson Cheri A, Rodebaugh Thomas L, Shumaker Erik A, Menatti Andrew R, Weeks Justin W, White Emily K, Heimberg Richard G, Warren Cortney S, Blanco Carlos, Schneier Franklin, Liebowitz Michael R
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States.
J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Jan;29:61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.002. Epub 2014 Nov 24.
Despite research documenting a relationship between social anxiety and perfectionism, very little research has examined the relationship between social anxiety and clinical perfectionism, defined as the combination of high personal standards and high maladaptive perfectionistic evaluative concern. In the current studies we examined whether clinical perfectionism predicted social anxiety in a large sample of undergraduates (N=602), in a clinical sample of participants diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD; N=180), and by using a variance decomposition model of self- and informant-report of perfectionism (N=134). Using self-report, we found that an interaction of personal standards and evaluative concern predicted both social interaction anxiety and fear of scrutiny, but not in the theorized direction. Specifically, we found that self-report of low standards and high evaluative concern was associated with the highest levels of social anxiety, suggesting that when individuals with SAD hold low expectations for themselves combined with high concerns about evaluation, social anxiety symptoms may increase. Alternatively, when an informants' perspective was considered, and more consistent with the original theory, we found that the interaction of informant-only report of personal standards and shared-report (between both primary participant and informant) of concern over mistakes was associated with self-reported social anxiety, such that high concern over mistakes and high personal standards predicted the highest levels of social anxiety. Theoretical, clinical, and measurement implications for clinical perfectionism are discussed.
尽管有研究记录了社交焦虑与完美主义之间的关系,但很少有研究考察社交焦虑与临床完美主义之间的关系,临床完美主义被定义为高个人标准和高度适应不良的完美主义评价性关注的结合。在当前的研究中,我们考察了临床完美主义是否能预测大量本科生样本(N = 602)、被诊断为社交焦虑障碍(SAD;N = 180)的临床样本中的社交焦虑,以及通过使用完美主义的自我报告和他人报告的方差分解模型(N = 134)进行考察。通过自我报告,我们发现个人标准和评价性关注的交互作用预测了社交互动焦虑和对审视的恐惧,但并非按照理论假设的方向。具体而言,我们发现低标准和高评价性关注的自我报告与最高水平的社交焦虑相关,这表明当患有社交焦虑障碍的个体对自己期望较低且对评价高度关注时,社交焦虑症状可能会增加。另外,当考虑他人的观点时,且更符合原始理论,我们发现仅由他人报告的个人标准与(主要参与者和他人之间)对错误的共同报告的交互作用与自我报告的社交焦虑相关,即对错误的高度关注和高个人标准预测了最高水平的社交焦虑。文中讨论了临床完美主义在理论、临床和测量方面的意义。