German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany;
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom;
Pediatrics. 2015 Jan;135(1):e136-43. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1989. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a rare and a heterogeneous group of pediatric cancers. The incidence rate has increased in some populations or subgroups. However, only a few recent publications on epidemiologic data showing the trends in incidence of pediatric GCTs are available.
We analyzed the incidence rates, time trends, and survival for 1366 GCTs in children 0 to 14 years old registered in the nationwide, population-based German Childhood Cancer Registry in 1987-2011.
The incidence rate of GCTs was slightly higher in girls (age-standardized rate: girls, 5.3; boys, 4.4 per million). A bimodal age distribution was seen. In children aged <1 year, the highest age-specific incidence rates were seen for girls with GCTs in the pelvis (12.7 per million) and for boys with GCTs in the testis (9.5 per million). For 10- to 14-year-old boys, the tumors occurred most often in the central nervous system (3.1 per million); for girls, the most common site was in the ovaries (4.5 per million). Only the incidence rate for ovarian GCTs increased statistically significantly. The 5- and 20-year survival probabilities for the patients diagnosed between 1987 and 2010 were 92% and 90%, respectively. Survival rates improved notably for intracranial and extragonadal GCTs from 1987 to 2006.
The localization and histology of the GCTs varied between the genders and age groups. During 1987 to 2011, the incidence rate increased only for ovarian GCTs. The increase, however, may be due to changes in reporting. The survival rates were excellent.
恶性生殖细胞肿瘤（GCT）是一种罕见且异质性的儿科癌症。某些人群或亚组的发病率有所增加。然而，仅有少数最近的出版物提供了关于显示儿科 GCT 发病率趋势的流行病学数据。
我们分析了 1987 年至 2011 年期间在全国性基于人群的德国儿童癌症登记处登记的 1366 例 0 至 14 岁儿童 GCT 的发病率、时间趋势和生存情况。
GCT 的发病率在女孩中略高（年龄标准化率：女孩，5.3；男孩，4.4/百万）。存在双峰年龄分布。在<1 岁的儿童中，骨盆 GCT 的女孩和睾丸 GCT 的男孩的年龄特异性发病率最高（分别为 12.7/百万和 9.5/百万）。对于 10 至 14 岁的男孩，肿瘤最常发生在中枢神经系统（3.1/百万）；对于女孩，最常见的部位是卵巢（4.5/百万）。只有卵巢 GCT 的发病率具有统计学意义的增加。1987 年至 2010 年诊断的患者的 5 年和 20 年生存率分别为 92%和 90%。1987 年至 2006 年，颅内和性腺外 GCT 的生存率显著提高。
GCT 的定位和组织学在性别和年龄组之间存在差异。1987 年至 2011 年期间，卵巢 GCT 的发病率仅有所增加。然而，这种增加可能是由于报告方式的改变。生存率非常好。
