Pilapil Mariecel, DeLaet David
aDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine bDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine/Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park cDepartment of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015 Feb;27(1):132-7. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000177.
Adolescents and young adults with special health care needs (SHCN) are uniquely vulnerable to health risk behaviors including smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use, and sexual risk-taking. Their likelihood of experiencing adverse health outcomes because of these behaviors may be beyond that experienced by their healthier peer group. Pediatric providers are responsible for appropriately counseling these patients about healthy lifestyles. This review provides some background regarding these health risks among adolescents and young adults with SHCN with particular focus on three populations: childhood cancer survivors, congenital heart disease patients, and those with intellectual disability.
Young adults and adolescents with chronic medical conditions are as likely - and perhaps more likely - to engage in health risk behaviors. However, these behaviors are not fully addressed by primary care providers.
Pediatric providers are encouraged to ask adolescents and young adults with SHCN about their understanding of, and engagement in, health risk behaviors. A multidisciplinary approach to encourage a healthy lifestyle within this population may have significant health benefits.
有特殊医疗需求（SHCN）的青少年和青年特别容易出现健康风险行为，包括吸烟、饮酒、使用非法药物以及进行性风险行为。由于这些行为，他们出现不良健康后果的可能性可能超过健康同龄人。儿科医疗服务提供者有责任就健康生活方式对这些患者进行适当的咨询。本综述提供了一些关于有特殊医疗需求的青少年和青年健康风险的背景信息，特别关注三类人群：儿童癌症幸存者、先天性心脏病患者以及智障患者。
患有慢性疾病的青年和青少年参与健康风险行为的可能性相同，甚至可能更高。然而，初级医疗服务提供者并未充分关注这些行为。
鼓励儿科医疗服务提供者询问有特殊医疗需求的青少年和青年对健康风险行为的理解以及参与情况。采用多学科方法鼓励这一人群养成健康的生活方式可能会带来显著的健康益处。
