表型、体重指数、父母和日照因素在立陶宛学童黑素细胞痣患病率中的作用。

The role of phenotype, body mass index, parental and sun exposure factors in the prevalence of melanocytic nevi among schoolchildren in Lithuania.

机构信息

Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

出版信息

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Aug;29(8):1506-16. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12905. Epub 2014 Dec 10.

DOI:10.1111/jdv.12905

PMID:25492548

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The occurrence and number of melanocytic nevi (MN) are among the most important known risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM).

OBJECTIVES

To estimate the prevalence of MN among schoolchildren and its relationship with phenotype, body mass index (BMI), parental and sun exposure factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on N = 1277 schoolchildren aged 7-19 years old in Kaunas city, Lithuania. Subjects were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire and were assessed by a dermatologist. MN of all sizes and ≥2 mm in diameter were counted; phenotypic features and skin phototype were defined. BMI and body surface area (BSA) were calculated. Whole-body MN counts were expressed both as totals and as counts per unit of BSA - MN density (MND). Biological parents completed questionnaires regarding nevus counts, family history of skin cancer and CM.

RESULTS

The numbers of all sizes and ≥2 mm MN increased according to age, respectively, from median values of 44 (IQR 28, 60) and 5 (IQR 2, 8) at the age of 7-9 years to 85 (IQR 55, 128) and 16 (IQR 8, 30) at the age of 16-19 years. A higher MND was found in children with light skin colour (P < 0.001), I-II skin phototype (P < 0.001), extensive facial freckling (P < 0.005) and multiple nevi on the father's and mother's arms (P < 0.05). 20.2% of pupils were overweight or obese, 130 males and 118 females. Overweight and obese children had a higher all sizes MND (P = 0.033, P = 0.044). Acquired suntan at the end of summer was associated with a higher all sizes MND (P < 0.05), outdoor activities at midday - with a higher ≥2 mm MND (P = 0.047) respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of MN among schoolchildren is age-dependent and strongly determined by skin colour, skin phototype, facial freckling and BMI. Parental nevus numbers, acquired suntan and outdoor activities at midday must be considered.

摘要

背景

黑素细胞痣（MN）的发生和数量是已知的导致皮肤黑色素瘤（CM）发展的最重要的风险因素之一。

目的

估计学龄儿童 MN 的患病率及其与表型、体重指数（BMI）、父母和日晒因素的关系。

方法

在立陶宛考纳斯市对 1277 名 7-19 岁的学龄儿童进行了横断面研究。通过自我管理问卷对受试者进行访谈，并由皮肤科医生进行评估。计数所有大小和直径≥2 毫米的 MN；定义表型特征和皮肤光型。计算 BMI 和体表面积（BSA）。全身 MN 计数既以总数表示，也以每单位 BSA 的计数表示-MN 密度（MND）。亲生父母填写了关于痣计数、皮肤癌和 CM 家族史的问卷。

结果

MN 的数量随着年龄的增长而增加，分别从 7-9 岁时的中位数 44（IQR 28，60）和 5（IQR 2，8）增加到 16-19 岁时的 85（IQR 55，128）和 16（IQR 8，30）。浅色皮肤（P <0.001）、I-II 皮肤光型（P <0.001）、广泛的面部雀斑（P <0.005）和父母手臂上的多个痣（P <0.05）的儿童 MND 较高。20.2%的学生超重或肥胖，其中男生 130 人，女生 118 人。超重和肥胖儿童的所有大小 MND 较高（P = 0.033，P = 0.044）。夏季末获得的晒黑与所有大小 MND 较高相关（P <0.05），中午的户外活动与较高的≥2 毫米 MND 相关（P = 0.047）。