Department of Dermatology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2010 Nov;19(6):472-7. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32833eba4f.
Sun exposure, fair phototype, and a high common melanocytic nevus (MN) count have been identified as the most important risk factors for melanoma. MN are mainly acquired during childhood, and their relationship to sun exposure, sunburn, and light skin complexion is well documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the sun protection attitudes of parents and their offspring affect MN development in children. We designed a cross-sectional study in 828 9-year-old school children. Trained nurses counted the MN on each child's back and arms, depending on their size. Questionnaires filled by children and parents provided information about sun exposure, attitude towards the sun, and sun-protection behaviors. Multivariate analysis showed that the childhood MN count was linked to fair phenotype--fair skin: rate ratio (RR)=3.80, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.25-6.41; blue/green eyes: RR=1.2, 95% CI=1.11-1.34; blond hair: RR=1.25, 95% CI=1.10-1.41; history of sunburn: RR=1.13, 95% CI=1.03-1.23, seaside sun exposure--RR=1.14, 95% CI=1.01-1.28, and to their parents' behaviors during exposure to the sun--increase in the number of MN when parents used sunscreen: RR=1.23, 95% CI=1.08-1.40; decrease in MN count when parents wore a tee-shirt: RR=0.86, 95% CI=0.79-0.93. In conclusion, fair phenotype and sun exposure are known major risk factors for MN. Parents' behaviors influence their children and appeared in our analysis as another determinant predictor of MN count, being protective against (wearing a tee-shirt when exposed to sun) or increasing the risk (sunscreen use, reflecting higher sun exposure) for childhood MN development.
阳光暴露、白皙的肤色和较高的常见黑素细胞痣（MN）计数已被确定为黑色素瘤的最重要危险因素。MN 主要在儿童时期获得，并且它们与阳光暴露、晒伤和浅色皮肤之间的关系已有充分的记录。本研究的目的是调查父母及其子女的防晒态度如何影响儿童 MN 的发育。我们设计了一项针对 828 名 9 岁学童的横断面研究。训练有素的护士根据孩子的体型，在孩子的背部和手臂上计算 MN。由孩子和家长填写的问卷提供了有关阳光暴露、对阳光的态度和防晒行为的信息。多变量分析显示，儿童时期 MN 的数量与白皙的表型有关——白皙的皮肤：比值比（RR）=3.80，95%置信区间（CI）=2.25-6.41；蓝/绿眼睛：RR=1.2，95%CI=1.11-1.34；金发：RR=1.25，95%CI=1.10-1.41；晒伤史：RR=1.13，95%CI=1.03-1.23，海滨阳光暴露——RR=1.14，95%CI=1.01-1.28，以及他们父母在暴露于阳光下的行为——当父母使用防晒霜时 MN 的数量增加：RR=1.23，95%CI=1.08-1.40；当父母穿 T 恤时 MN 数量减少：RR=0.86，95%CI=0.79-0.93。总之，白皙的表型和阳光暴露是 MN 的已知主要危险因素。父母的行为会影响他们的孩子，并且在我们的分析中作为 MN 计数的另一个决定因素出现，对 MN 的发展具有保护作用（暴露于阳光下时穿 T 恤）或增加风险（使用防晒霜，反映出更高的阳光暴露）。
