de Beer Z W, Duong T A, Barnes I, Wingfield B D, Wingfield M J
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
Stud Mycol. 2014 Sep;79:187-219. doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.10.001.
The genus Ceratocystis was established in 1890 and accommodates many important fungi. These include serious plant pathogens, significant insect symbionts and agents of timber degradation that result in substantial economic losses. Virtually since its type was described from sweet potatoes, the taxonomy of Ceratocystis has been confused and vigorously debated. In recent years, particulary during the last two decades, it has become very obvious that this genus includes a wide diversity of very different fungi. These have been roughly lumped together due to their similar morphological structures that have clearly evolved through convergent evolution linked to an insect-associated ecology. As has been true for many other groups of fungi, the emergence of DNA-based sequence data and associated phylogenetic inferences, have made it possible to robustly support very distinct boundaries defined by morphological characters and ecological differences. In this study, DNA-sequence data for three carefully selected gene regions (60S, LSU, MCM7) were generated for 79 species residing in the aggregate genus Ceratocystis sensu lato and these data were subjected to rigorous phylogenetic analyses. The results made it possible to distinguish seven major groups for which generic names have been chosen and descriptions either provided or emended. The emended genera included Ceratocystis sensu stricto, Chalaropsis, Endoconidiophora, Thielaviopsis, and Ambrosiella, while two new genera, Davidsoniella and Huntiella, were described. In total, 30 new combinations have been made. This major revision of the generic boundaries in the Ceratocystidaceae will simplify future treatments and work with an important group of fungi including distantly related species illogically aggregated under a single name.
长喙壳属（Ceratocystis）于1890年建立，包含许多重要真菌。这些真菌包括严重的植物病原体、重要的昆虫共生体以及导致木材大量降解从而造成重大经济损失的菌类。实际上，自其模式种从甘薯中被描述以来，长喙壳属的分类一直混乱且备受激烈争论。近年来，尤其是在过去二十年中，很明显该属包含了种类繁多、差异极大的真菌。由于它们相似的形态结构通过与昆虫相关的生态环境下的趋同进化而明显演化形成，这些真菌大致被归为一类。与许多其他真菌类群一样，基于DNA的序列数据以及相关系统发育推断的出现，使得通过形态特征和生态差异所定义的截然不同的界限能够得到有力支持。在本研究中，针对广义长喙壳属（Ceratocystis sensu lato）中的79个物种，生成了三个精心挑选的基因区域（60S、LSU、MCM7）的DNA序列数据，并对这些数据进行了严格的系统发育分析。结果使得区分出七个主要类群成为可能，已为这些类群选定了属名，并给出了描述或进行了修订。修订后的属包括狭义长喙壳属（Ceratocystis sensu stricto）、拟茎点霉属（Chalaropsis）、内座壳属（Endoconidiophora）、黑腐皮壳属（Thielaviopsis）和可可球二孢属（Ambrosiella），同时描述了两个新属，即戴维逊壳属（Davidsoniella）和亨蒂壳属（Huntiella）。总共进行了30个新的组合。对长喙壳科属界限的这一重大修订将简化未来对这一重要真菌类群的处理和研究工作，该类群包括一些在单一名称下不合逻辑地聚合在一起的远缘物种。
