Li Yiwei, Go Vay Liang W, Sarkar Fazlul H
From the *Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; †Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and ‡Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
Pancreas. 2015 Jan;44(1):1-10. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000257.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies in US adults. Experimental studies have found that antioxidant nutrients could reduce oxidative DNA damage, suggesting that these antioxidants may protect against pancreatic carcinogenesis. Several epidemiologic studies showed that dietary intake of antioxidants was inversely associated with the risk for pancreatic cancer, demonstrating the inhibitory effects of antioxidants on pancreatic carcinogenesis. Moreover, nutraceuticals, the anticancer agents from diet or natural plants, have been found to inhibit the development and progression of pancreatic cancer through the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Importantly, nutraceuticals also up-regulate the expression of tumor-suppressive microRNAs (miRNAs) and down-regulate the expression of oncogenic miRNAs, leading to the inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth and pancreatic cancer stem cell self-renewal through modulation of cellular signaling network. Furthermore, nutraceuticals also regulate epigenetically deregulated DNAs and miRNAs, leading to the normalization of altered cellular signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, nutraceuticals could have much broader use in the prevention and/or treatment of pancreatic cancer in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics. However, more in vitro mechanistic experiments, in vivo animal studies, and clinical trials are needed to realize the true value of nutraceuticals in the prevention and/or treatment of pancreatic cancer.
胰腺癌是美国成年人中侵袭性最强的恶性肿瘤之一。实验研究发现，抗氧化营养素可减少氧化性DNA损伤，这表明这些抗氧化剂可能预防胰腺癌的发生。多项流行病学研究表明，膳食中抗氧化剂的摄入量与患胰腺癌的风险呈负相关，证明了抗氧化剂对胰腺癌发生的抑制作用。此外，营养保健品，即来自饮食或天然植物的抗癌剂，已被发现可通过调节细胞信号通路来抑制胰腺癌的发展和进展。重要的是，营养保健品还上调肿瘤抑制性微小RNA（miRNA）的表达并下调致癌性miRNA的表达，通过调节细胞信号网络导致胰腺癌细胞生长和胰腺癌干细胞自我更新受到抑制。此外，营养保健品还可对表观遗传失调的DNA和miRNA进行调节，使胰腺癌细胞中改变的细胞信号正常化。因此，营养保健品与传统化疗药物联合使用在胰腺癌的预防和/或治疗中可能有更广泛的用途。然而，需要更多的体外机制实验、体内动物研究和临床试验来实现营养保健品在胰腺癌预防和/或治疗中的真正价值。
