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北美棕熊分布范围边缘的边缘栖息地中棕熊的交配相关行为。

Mating-related behaviour of grizzly bears inhabiting marginal habitat at the periphery of their North American range.

作者信息

Edwards Mark A, Derocher Andrew E

机构信息

Royal Alberta Museum, Mammalogy Department, Edmonton, Alberta T5N 0M6, Canada.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.

出版信息

Behav Processes. 2015 Feb;111:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.002. Epub 2014 Dec 11.

Abstract

In comparison to core populations, peripheral populations have low density and recruitment, and are subject to different selective pressures, such as environmental conditions, food type and availability, predation, disease, etc., which may result in behavioural modifications to mating. We test the roam-to-mate hypothesis for a peripheral population of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) at the northern extent of their North American range, in Canada's Arctic. If bears are roaming-to-mate, we predicted greater range size and daily displacement, and more linear movements for receptive animals during the mating period compared to post-mating. In contrast to our predictions, we found that in general range size and displacement increased from mating to post-mating regardless of reproductive status. When considered across both periods, females with cubs-of-the-year had smaller range use metrics than other reproductive groups, which we attribute to a counter-strategy against sexually selected infanticide and the reduced mobility of cubs. Linearity of movements remained near zero during both periods across all groups, suggesting tortuous movements more characteristic of foraging than of mate-searching. We suggest that for this population, finding quality habitat takes precedence over mate-searching in this marginal Arctic landscape. Alternatively, a more monogamous mating system and sequestering behaviour may have obscured movement differences between the two periods. The behavioural differences in mating that we observed from what is typical of core populations may reflect local adaptation to marginal conditions and could benefit the species in the face of ongoing environmental change.

摘要

与核心种群相比,边缘种群的密度和繁殖率较低,且面临不同的选择压力,如环境条件、食物类型和可获得性、捕食、疾病等,这些可能导致交配行为的改变。我们在加拿大北极地区北美棕熊(Ursus arctos)分布范围的最北端,对一个边缘种群测试了漫游交配假说。如果熊是为了交配而漫游,我们预测在交配期与交配后相比,处于发情期的动物活动范围更大、每日移动距离更远,且移动路线更呈线性。与我们的预测相反,我们发现总体而言,无论繁殖状态如何,活动范围大小和移动距离从交配期到交配后都有所增加。在两个时期综合考虑时,带当年幼崽的雌性比其他繁殖群体的活动范围指标更小,我们将此归因于针对性选择杀婴行为的应对策略以及幼崽行动能力的降低。所有群体在两个时期的移动路线线性度都接近零,这表明曲折的移动更像是觅食而非寻找配偶的特征。我们认为,对于这个种群来说,在这片边缘的北极景观中,找到优质栖息地比寻找配偶更为重要。或者,更为一夫一妻制的交配系统和隔离行为可能掩盖了两个时期之间的移动差异。我们观察到的与核心种群典型行为不同的交配行为差异,可能反映了对边缘条件的局部适应,并且在持续的环境变化面前可能对该物种有益。

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