大灰熊对艾伯塔省西部精细时空尺度春季雪被的响应。
Grizzly bear response to fine spatial and temporal scale spring snow cover in Western Alberta.
机构信息
Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
fRI Research, Hinton, Alberta, Canada.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 10;14(4):e0215243. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215243. eCollection 2019.
Snow dynamics influence seasonal behaviors of wildlife, such as denning patterns and habitat selection related to the availability of food resources. Under a changing climate, characteristics of the temporal and spatial patterns of snow are predicted to change, and as a result, there is a need to better understand how species interact with snow dynamics. This study examines grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) spring habitat selection and use across western Alberta, Canada. Made possible by newly available fine-scale snow cover data, this research tests a hypothesis that grizzly bears select for locations with less snow cover and areas where snow melts sooner during spring (den emergence to May 31st). Using Integrated Step Selection Analysis, a series of models were built to examine whether snow cover information such as fractional snow covered area and date of snow melt improved models constructed based on previous knowledge of grizzly bear selection during the spring. Comparing four different models fit to 62 individual bear-years, we found that the inclusion of fractional snow covered area improved model fit 60% of the time based on Akaike Information Criterion tallies. Probability of use was then used to evaluate grizzly bear habitat use in response to snow and environmental attributes, including fractional snow covered area, date since snow melt, elevation, and distance to road. Results indicate grizzly bears select for lower elevation, snow-free locations during spring, which has important implications for management of threatened grizzly bear populations in consideration of changing climatic conditions. This study is an example of how fine spatial and temporal scale remote sensing data can be used to improve our understanding of wildlife habitat selection and use in relation to key environmental attributes.
雪的动态变化会影响野生动物的季节性行为,例如与食物资源可获得性相关的洞穴模式和栖息地选择。在气候变化的情况下,雪的时空模式特征预计会发生变化,因此需要更好地了解物种如何与雪的动态变化相互作用。本研究考察了加拿大艾伯塔省西部灰熊(Ursus arctos)春季的栖息地选择和利用情况。由于新获得的精细尺度的积雪数据,这项研究检验了一个假设,即灰熊会选择积雪覆盖较少的地方,以及春季(从洞穴出现到 5 月 31 日)雪融化得更早的地方。通过综合步长选择分析,构建了一系列模型,以检验积雪覆盖信息(如积雪面积分数和雪融化日期)是否能改进基于春季灰熊选择的已有知识构建的模型。比较适用于 62 个个体熊年的四个不同模型,我们发现基于信息量准则得分,包含积雪面积分数可以使模型拟合度提高 60%。然后,使用使用率来评估灰熊对雪和环境属性(包括积雪面积分数、雪融化后的日期、海拔和到道路的距离)的栖息地利用。结果表明,灰熊在春季会选择海拔较低、无雪的地方,这对考虑到气候变化条件的受威胁灰熊种群的管理具有重要意义。本研究是一个很好的例子,说明了如何利用精细的时空尺度遥感数据来提高我们对野生动物栖息地选择和利用与关键环境属性关系的理解。
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