Sandberg Kathryn, Ji Hong, Hay Meredith
Department of Medicine and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, Suite 232 Bldg D., Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States.
Department of Physiology and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, 1503 N. Campbell Rd, Bldg 201, Room 4103, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
Cell Immunol. 2015 Apr;294(2):95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.12.001. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
It is well known that the onset of essential hypertension occurs earlier in men than women. Numerous studies have shown sex differences in the vasculature, kidney and sympathetic nervous system contribute to this sex difference in the development of hypertension. The immune system also contributes to the development of hypertension; however, sex differences in immune system modulation of blood pressure (BP) and the development of hypertension has only recently begun to be explored. Here we review findings on the effect of one's sex on the immune system and specifically how these effects impact BP and the development of primary hypertension. We also propose a hypothesis for why mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced hypertension are sex-specific. These studies underscore the value of and need for studying both sexes in the basic science exploration of the pathophysiology of hypertension as well as other diseases.
众所周知，原发性高血压在男性中的发病时间比女性更早。大量研究表明，血管系统、肾脏和交感神经系统的性别差异导致了高血压发展过程中的这种性别差异。免疫系统也参与了高血压的发展；然而，免疫系统对血压（BP）调节及高血压发展的性别差异直到最近才开始被探索。在此，我们综述关于性别对免疫系统的影响，特别是这些影响如何影响血压及原发性高血压发展的研究结果。我们还提出了一个假说，解释为何炎症诱导高血压的潜在机制具有性别特异性。这些研究强调了在高血压及其他疾病病理生理学的基础科学探索中对两性进行研究的价值和必要性。
