Case Mary E
St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA,
Pediatr Radiol. 2014 Dec;44 Suppl 4:S632-40. doi: 10.1007/s00247-014-3061-6. Epub 2014 Dec 14.
This article will discuss accidental and inflicted head injuries in infants and young children and how forensic pathologists distinguish between these types of injuries. The article begins with a consideration of the special and unique features of the anatomy and development of the child's head and neck and then relates these features to the mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and how these unique features influence the mechanisms of injury. The article very specifically notes that accidental head injuries in young children that occur in and around the home are focal head injuries in distinction to inflicted head injuries, which are diffuse brain injuries. The article discusses the mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury causes loss of consciousness and relates those mechanisms to the differences in the clinical features that occur in both accidental and inflicted head injury. The article discusses and illustrates the pathological findings in accidental head injuries consisting of the crushing head injuries and the head injuries sustained in short falls including epidural hemorrhage and focal subdural hemorrhage. The article discusses and illustrates the pathological findings that occur in inflicted head trauma, including subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages and retinal and optic nerve sheath hemorrhages.
本文将探讨婴幼儿意外和受虐头部损伤，以及法医病理学家如何区分这些损伤类型。文章首先考虑儿童头部和颈部解剖结构与发育的特殊和独特特征，然后将这些特征与创伤性脑损伤机制相关联，以及这些独特特征如何影响损伤机制。文章特别指出，在家中及周围发生的幼儿意外头部损伤是局灶性头部损伤，与受虐头部损伤不同，后者是弥漫性脑损伤。文章讨论了创伤性脑损伤导致意识丧失的机制，并将这些机制与意外和受虐头部损伤临床特征的差异相关联。文章讨论并阐述了意外头部损伤的病理结果，包括挤压性头部损伤和短距离坠落所致头部损伤，如硬膜外出血和局灶性硬膜下出血。文章讨论并阐述了受虐头部创伤的病理结果，包括硬膜下和蛛网膜下腔出血以及视网膜和视神经鞘出血。
