Khuu Sieu K, Chung Charles Y L, Lord Stephanie, Pearson Joel
The School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia, 2052.
The School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia, 2052.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 15;9(12):e112804. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112804. eCollection 2014.
Accurate motion perception of self and object speed is crucial for successful interaction in the world. The context in which we make such speed judgments has a profound effect on their accuracy. Misperceptions of motion speed caused by the context can have drastic consequences in real world situations, but they also reveal much about the underlying mechanisms of motion perception. Here we show that motion signals suppressed from awareness can warp simultaneous conscious speed perception. In Experiment 1, we measured global speed discrimination thresholds using an annulus of 8 local Gabor elements. We show that physically removing local elements from the array attenuated global speed discrimination. However, removing awareness of the local elements only had a small effect on speed discrimination. That is, unconscious local motion elements contributed to global conscious speed perception. In Experiment 2 we measured the global speed of the moving Gabor patterns, when half the elements moved at different speeds. We show that global speed averaging occurred regardless of whether local elements were removed from awareness, such that the speed of invisible elements continued to be averaged together with the visible elements to determine the global speed. These data suggest that contextual motion signals outside of awareness can both boost and affect our experience of motion speed, and suggest that such pooling of motion signals occurs before the conscious extraction of the surround motion speed.
准确感知自我和物体的速度对于在现实世界中成功互动至关重要。我们进行此类速度判断的背景对判断的准确性有着深远影响。由背景导致的运动速度误判在现实世界情境中可能会产生严重后果，但它们也揭示了许多关于运动感知的潜在机制。在这里，我们表明从意识中被抑制的运动信号会扭曲同时出现的有意识速度感知。在实验1中，我们使用由8个局部高斯包络元素组成的环形来测量全局速度辨别阈值。我们发现，从阵列中物理移除局部元素会减弱全局速度辨别能力。然而，消除对局部元素的意识对速度辨别仅有微小影响。也就是说，无意识的局部运动元素对全局有意识速度感知有贡献。在实验2中，当一半元素以不同速度移动时，我们测量了移动的高斯包络图案的全局速度。我们发现，无论局部元素是否从意识中被移除，都会发生全局速度平均，即不可见元素的速度继续与可见元素一起平均，以确定全局速度。这些数据表明，意识之外的背景运动信号既能增强也能影响我们对运动速度的体验，并表明这种运动信号的汇总发生在有意识提取周围运动速度之前。
