津巴布韦农村饮用水源中的人体寄生原生动物及其与艾滋病毒感染的关联。
Human parasitic protozoa in drinking water sources in rural Zimbabwe and their link to HIV infection.
作者信息
Mtapuri-Zinyowera Sekesai, Ruhanya Vurayai, Midzi Nicholas, Berejena Chipo, Chin'ombe Nyasha, Nziramasanga Pasipanodya, Nyandoro George, Mduluza Takafira
机构信息
PhD, National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe.
MSc, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
出版信息
Germs. 2014 Dec 1;4(4):86-91. doi: 10.11599/germs.2014.1061. eCollection 2014 Dec.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to perform a risk assessment in a rural setting, where drinking water is obtained from both protected and unprotected deep or shallow wells, boreholes and springs. Water is consumed untreated and this poses a risk of acquiring waterborne infections that may cause diarrhea.
METHODS
The study included 113 study participants who volunteered in Chiweshe rural community (Musarara village) in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. There were 34 (30%) males and 79 (70%) females with ages ranging from 2 to 89 years. HIV counseling was carried out at the communal meeting and testing was done at home visits. Stool and drinking water samples were collected from 104 subjects. Routine laboratory methods were used to examine for parasitic infections.
RESULTS
Only 29 (25.7%) of participants were confirmed HIV positive using 2 rapid serology tests; eighty-four (74.3%) were negative. Diarrheic stool samples were observed in 17 (16.3%) participants and of these 5 (29.4%) were HIV seropositive. Several parasites were isolated from stool samples: G. duodenalis 6 (5.7%), E. histolytica/dispar 19 (18.2%), C. parvum, 8 (7.6%) and C. cayetanensis 23 (22.1%). Eleven out of 30 (36.6%) water bodies had protozoan parasites: G. duodenalis 2 (6.6%), E. histolytica 4 (13.3%), C. parvum 1 (3.3%), C. cayetanensis 3 (10%), E. coli 1 (3.3%).
CONCLUSION
The water sources were being used without treatment and were shown to pose a risk for acquiring diarrheagenic protozoan parasites.
目的
我们旨在对农村地区进行风险评估，该地区的饮用水取自受保护和未受保护的深水井或浅水井、钻孔及泉水。水未经处理就被饮用，这带来了感染水源性疾病（可能导致腹泻）的风险。
方法
该研究纳入了113名自愿参与的研究对象，他们来自津巴布韦中马绍纳兰省奇韦舍农村社区（穆萨拉拉村）。其中有34名男性（30%）和79名女性（70%），年龄在2至89岁之间。在社区会议上开展了艾滋病咨询，并在家庭访视时进行检测。从104名受试者身上采集了粪便和饮用水样本。采用常规实验室方法检测寄生虫感染情况。
结果
使用两种快速血清学检测方法，仅29名（25.7%）参与者被确诊为HIV阳性；84名（74.3%）为阴性。17名（16.3%）参与者的粪便样本出现腹泻症状，其中5名（29.4%）为HIV血清阳性。从粪便样本中分离出多种寄生虫：十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫6例（5.7%）、溶组织内阿米巴/迪斯帕内阿米巴19例（18.2%）、微小隐孢子虫8例（7.6%）和卡耶塔环孢子球虫23例（22.1%）。30个水体中有11个（36.6%）含有原生动物寄生虫：十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫2例（6.6%）、溶组织内阿米巴4例（13.3%）、微小隐孢子虫1例（3.3%）、卡耶塔环孢子球虫3例（10%）、大肠埃希菌1例（3.3%）。
结论
这些水源未经处理就被使用，显示出存在感染致泻性原生动物寄生虫的风险。
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