节节麦的分子细胞遗传学分析及其在小麦背景下的染色体鉴定
Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of Aegilops triuncialis and identification of its chromosomes in the background of wheat.
作者信息
Mirzaghaderi Ghader, Houben Andreas, Badaeva Ekaterina D
机构信息
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P. O. Box 66177-15175, Sanandaj, Iran.
Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany.
出版信息
Mol Cytogenet. 2014 Dec 2;7(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s13039-014-0091-6. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Species belonging to the genus Aegilops L. are an important source of genetic material for expanding genetic variability of wheat. Ae. triuncialis is an allotetraploid in this genus which was originated from hybridization of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer. Although the Ae. triuncialis karyotype was thoroughly examined by conventional chromosome staining and Giemsa C-banding, it is still poorly characterized using FISH markers. The objective of this study was to test the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) patterns of Ae. triuncialis (2n = 4x = 28, C(t)C(t)U(t)U(t)) chromosomes using different repetitive sequences and to compare the produced patterns to the chromosomes of its diploid ancestors, with the aim of establishing a generalized Ae. triuncialis idiogram and detection of Aegilops chromosomes in the background of wheat.
RESULTS
The probes pSc119.2-1, pTa535-1, pAs1-1, (CTT)10 and the 45S rDNA clone from wheat (pTa71) were hybridized to chromosomes of Ae. triuncialis and compared with its diploid progenitors (Ae. umbellulata Zhuk., 2n = 2x = 14, UU and Ae. markgrafii (Greuter) Hammer, 2n = 2x = 14, CC) and Ae. cylindrica Host. (2n = 4x = 28, D(c)D(c)C(c)C(c)), another tetraploid species containing the C-genome. Ae. cylindrica was further analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using C genome probe in order to identify any possible translocation.
CONCLUSIONS
In general, FISH patterns of the U(t)- and C(t)-genome chromosomes of Ae. triuncialis were similar to those of U- and C-genome chromosomes of the diploid progenitor species Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii respectively, although some differences were observed. Two major 45S rDNA loci were revealed in the short arm of chromosomes A and C, of the C(t) genome which correspond to homoeologous groups 1 and 5 respectively. Minor 45S rDNA loci were mapped on the short arm of chromosomes 1U(t) and 5U(t). GISH analysis revealed three different non-reciprocal homologous or heterologous translocations between C(c) and D(c) chromosomes in all studied accessions of Ae. cylindrica.
背景
山羊草属物种是扩大小麦遗传变异性的重要遗传物质来源。三芒山羊草是该属的一个异源四倍体，它起源于伞形山羊草和马克格拉夫山羊草（Greuter）Hammer的杂交。尽管通过传统染色体染色和吉姆萨C带对三芒山羊草的核型进行了全面研究，但使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）标记对其进行的表征仍然很差。本研究的目的是使用不同的重复序列测试三芒山羊草（2n = 4x = 28，C(t)C(t)U(t)U(t)）染色体的荧光原位杂交（FISH）模式，并将产生的模式与其二倍体祖先的染色体进行比较，目的是建立一个通用的三芒山羊草核型模式图，并在小麦背景中检测山羊草染色体。
结果
将探针pSc119.2 - 1、pTa535 - 1、pAs1 - 1、(CTT)10和来自小麦的45S rDNA克隆（pTa71）与三芒山羊草的染色体杂交，并与其二倍体祖先（伞形山羊草Zhuk.，2n = 2x = 14，UU和马克格拉夫山羊草（Greuter）Hammer，2n = 2x = 14，CC）以及圆柱山羊草Host.（2n = 4x = 28，D(c)D(c)C(c)C(c)），另一个含有C基因组的四倍体物种）进行比较。为了确定任何可能的易位，使用C基因组探针通过基因组原位杂交（GISH）对圆柱山羊草进行了进一步分析。
结论
总体而言，三芒山羊草U(t) - 和C(t) - 基因组染色体的FISH模式分别与二倍体祖先物种伞形山羊草和马克格拉夫山羊草的U - 和C - 基因组染色体的FISH模式相似，尽管观察到了一些差异。在C(t)基因组的A和C染色体短臂上揭示了两个主要的45S rDNA位点，分别对应于同源群1和5。次要的45S rDNA位点定位在1U(t)和5U(t)染色体的短臂上。GISH分析揭示了在所有研究的圆柱山羊草材料中，C(c)和D(c)染色体之间存在三种不同的非相互同源或异源易位。
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