幼儿体育参与和户外玩耍中的社会不平等现象。
Social inequalities in young children's sports participation and outdoor play.
作者信息
Wijtzes Anne I, Jansen Wilma, Bouthoorn Selma H, Pot Niek, Hofman Albert, Jaddoe Vincent W V, Raat Hein
机构信息
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O.Box 2040, Rotterdam, CA, 3000, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014 Dec 16;11:155. doi: 10.1186/s12966-014-0155-3.
BACKGROUND
Research on social inequalities in sports participation and unstructured physical activity among young children is scarce. This study aimed to assess the associations of family socioeconomic position (SEP) and ethnic background with children's sports participation and outdoor play.
METHODS
We analyzed data from 4726 ethnically diverse 6-year-old children participating in the Generation R Study. Variables were assessed by parent-reported questionnaires when the child was 6 years old. Low level of outdoor play was defined as outdoor play <1 hour per day. Series of multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations of family SEP and ethnic background with children's sports participation and outdoor play.
RESULTS
Socioeconomic inequalities in children's sports participation were found when using maternal educational level (p < 0.05), paternal educational level (p < 0.05), maternal employment status (p < 0.05), and household income (p < 0.05) as family SEP indicator (less sports participation among low SEP children). Socioeconomic inequalities in children's outdoor play were found when using household income only (p < 0.05) (more often outdoor play <1 hour per day among children from low income household). All ethnic minority children were significantly more likely to not to participate in sports and play outdoor <1 hour per day compared with native Dutch children. Adjustment for family SEP attenuated associations considerably, especially with respect to sports participation.
CONCLUSION
Low SEP children and ethnic minority children are more likely not to participate in sports and more likely to display low levels of outdoor play compared with high SEP children and native Dutch children, respectively. In order to design effective interventions, further research, including qualitative studies, is needed to explore more in detail the pathways relating family SEP and ethnic background to children's sports participation and outdoor play.
背景
关于幼儿体育参与和非结构化体育活动中的社会不平等现象的研究较少。本研究旨在评估家庭社会经济地位（SEP）和种族背景与儿童体育参与及户外玩耍之间的关联。
方法
我们分析了参与“R代研究”的4726名6岁不同种族儿童的数据。当孩子6岁时，通过家长报告的问卷对变量进行评估。低水平户外玩耍定义为每天户外玩耍时间<1小时。进行了一系列多元逻辑回归分析，以评估家庭SEP和种族背景与儿童体育参与及户外玩耍之间的关联。
结果
当使用母亲教育水平（p<0.05）、父亲教育水平（p<0.05）、母亲就业状况（p<0.05）和家庭收入（p<0.05）作为家庭SEP指标时，发现儿童体育参与存在社会经济不平等（SEP较低的儿童体育参与较少）。当仅使用家庭收入时，发现儿童户外玩耍存在社会经济不平等（p<0.05）（低收入家庭的儿童每天户外玩耍<1小时的情况更常见）。与荷兰本土儿童相比，所有少数民族儿童不参与体育活动且每天户外玩耍<1小时的可能性显著更高。对家庭SEP进行调整后，关联程度大幅减弱，尤其是在体育参与方面。
结论
与SEP较高的儿童和荷兰本土儿童相比，SEP较低的儿童和少数民族儿童分别更有可能不参与体育活动，且更有可能表现出低水平的户外玩耍。为了设计有效的干预措施，需要进一步开展研究，包括定性研究，以更详细地探索家庭SEP和种族背景与儿童体育参与及户外玩耍之间的关联途径。
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