Groppetti D, Aralla M, Bronzo V, Bosi G, Pecile A, Arrighi S
Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 10, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, via D. Trentacoste 2, I-20134 Milano, Italy.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2015 Jan;152:108-16. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.008. Epub 2014 Nov 29.
The ability to recognize specific events happening in the ovaries during periovulatory time allows optimal management of canine reproduction. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of vaginal cytology and blood progesterone (P4) assay to identify accurately the changes occurring at the ovarian structures, mainly during the fertile period. Tertiary follicles, corpora hemorrhagica (CHs) and corpora lutea (CLs) from forty healthy bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy were evaluated by histo-morphometry based on their aspect, number and size. The tertiary follicles distribution (small, medium and large) was statistically different (P<0.002) among all the stages of the reproductive cycle, except for small follicles (<2mm), which were always observed from proestrus to anestrus. Very large follicles (>4mm) were predominant (P=0.008) around ovulation when P4 mean level was 6.1±1.7ng/mL. The early postovulatory estrous period was characterized by CHs (P<0.002) and P4 level of 16.7±5.9ng/mL. The end of the fertile period - start of diestrus - coincided with the development of CLs (P=0.001) associated with a P4 mean level of 73.9±9.9ng/mL. The small (P<0.001) and medium (P<0.05) follicle diameters were positively correlated with the bitch size. The number of follicles larger than 4mm was significantly lower in bitches younger than 4 years (P<0.02). This study provides insight into some critical steps in the canine reproductive processes in the periovulatory phase and the end of the fertile period, essential to plan breeding programs.
能够识别排卵期前后卵巢中发生的特定事件，有助于对犬类繁殖进行优化管理。本研究的目的是评估阴道细胞学检查和血液孕酮（P4）检测在准确识别卵巢结构变化方面的有效性，主要是在受孕期间。对40只接受卵巢子宫切除术的健康母犬的三级卵泡、出血性黄体（CHs）和黄体（CLs）进行了组织形态测量，评估了它们的外观、数量和大小。除了小卵泡（<2mm）在发情前期到发情后期始终可见外，三级卵泡分布（小、中、大）在生殖周期的所有阶段均有统计学差异（P<0.002）。排卵前后，当P4平均水平为6.1±1.7ng/mL时，非常大的卵泡（>4mm）占主导（P=0.008）。排卵后早期发情期的特征是出现CHs（P<0.002），P4水平为16.7±5.9ng/mL。受孕期末期——发情后期开始——与CLs的发育同时发生（P=0.001），此时P4平均水平为73.9±9.9ng/mL。小卵泡直径（P<0.001）和中卵泡直径（P<0.05）与母犬体型呈正相关。4岁以下母犬中直径大于4mm的卵泡数量显著较少（P<0.02）。本研究深入了解了犬类生殖过程中排卵期和受孕期末期的一些关键步骤，这对制定繁殖计划至关重要。
