Bouftini S, Bahhou J, Lelievre B, de la Barca J M Chao, Turcant A, Diquet B, Abourazzak S, Chaouki S, Hida M, Khattabi A, Nejjari C, Amarti A, Achour S
Laboratory of Analysis and Modeling of Continental Ecosystems, Faculty of Science Dhar El Mehraz (FSDM), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco,
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015 Apr;68(3):442-50. doi: 10.1007/s00244-014-0108-5. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
The study objectives were to estimate lead poisoning prevalence among children living next to an industrial area, to compare it to that in a control population, and to establish clinical and biological follow-up of the poisoned children. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study including 150 children (exposed and unexposed) performed between January 2012 and April 2013. It was meant to determine blood lead levels (BLLs) in children considered to be an exposed population (EP N 90), living in the industrial area Ain Nokb Fez compared with BLLs of children of other areas belonging to the same city supposed to be unexposed [UP (N = 60)]. A sociodemographic questionnaire was obtained, and a blood lead analysis was performed. Clinical and biological follow-up has been performed of poisoned children. The sample consisted of 90 EP children with an average age of 6.82 ± 3.32 years and male-to-female sex ratio (SR) of 1.5 and 60 UP children with an average age of 6.45 ± 3.29 years and an SR of 1.2. Among the 150 children recruited, the average of BLLs was 58.21 ± 36 µg/L (18-202.3 μg/L). The average of BLLs in EP children (71 ± 40 µg/L) was statistically greater (p < 0.0001) than that registered in UP children (38 ± 13 µg/L). All poisoned children belonged to the EP group at a prevalence of 21.1 %. The clinical and biological examinations of poisoned children showed a few perturbations such as anemia, hypocalcaemia, and deficiencies in magnesium and iron. No renal disease or objective neurological disorders were observed. In the follow-up of the children with BLL ≥100 µg/L (19 cases). BLL monitoring showed a significant decrease in average of blood concentration ranging from 136.75 ± 32.59 to 104.58 ± 32.73 µg/L (p < 0.0001) and in lead poisoning prevalence (p < 0.001), which decreased to 7.8 % from 21.1. Our study showed a high prevalence of lead poisoning (21.1 %) in EP children. The relocation of the industrial site associated with corrective and preventive measures has contributed to a decrease of exposure and lead poisoning prevalence in the aforementioned population.
该研究的目的是估计居住在工业区附近儿童的铅中毒患病率，将其与对照人群的患病率进行比较，并对中毒儿童进行临床和生物学随访。这是一项描述性横断面研究，于2012年1月至2013年4月期间对150名儿童（暴露组和非暴露组）进行。旨在确定居住在非斯市艾因诺克布工业区的被视为暴露人群（EP组，n = 90）儿童的血铅水平（BLL），并与同一城市其他被认为未暴露地区（UP组，n = 60）儿童的BLL进行比较。获取了一份社会人口统计学问卷，并进行了血铅分析。对中毒儿童进行了临床和生物学随访。样本包括90名EP组儿童，平均年龄为6.82±3.32岁，男女比例（SR）为1.5；以及60名UP组儿童，平均年龄为6.45±3.29岁，SR为1.2。在招募的150名儿童中，BLL的平均值为58.21±36μg/L（18 - 202.3μg/L）。EP组儿童的BLL平均值（71±40μg/L）在统计学上显著高于（p < 0.0001）UP组儿童的BLL平均值（38±13μg/L）。所有中毒儿童均属于EP组，患病率为21.1%。中毒儿童的临床和生物学检查显示出一些异常，如贫血、低钙血症以及镁和铁缺乏。未观察到肾脏疾病或客观的神经功能障碍。在对BLL≥100μg/L的儿童（19例）进行随访时，BLL监测显示血铅浓度平均值从136.75±32.59μg/L显著下降至104.58±32.73μg/L（p < 0.0001），铅中毒患病率也显著下降（p < 0.001），从21.1%降至7.8%。我们的研究表明，EP组儿童中铅中毒患病率较高（21.1%）。工业场地的搬迁以及纠正和预防措施有助于减少上述人群的暴露和铅中毒患病率。
