Cirelli Laura K, Einarson Kathleen M, Trainor Laurel J
Dev Sci. 2014 Nov;17(6):1003-11. doi: 10.1111/desc.12193.
Adults who move together to a shared musical beat synchronously as opposed to asynchronously are subsequently more likely to display prosocial behaviors toward each other. The development of musical behaviors during infancy has been described previously, but the social implications of such behaviors in infancy have been little studied. In Experiment 1, each of 48 14-month-old infants was held by an assistant and gently bounced to music while facing the experimenter, who bounced either in-synchrony or out-of-synchrony with the way the infant was bounced. The infants were then placed in a situation in which they had the opportunity to help the experimenter by handing objects to her that she had ‘accidently’ dropped. We found that 14-month-old infants were more likely to engage in altruistic behavior and help the experimenter after having been bounced to music in synchrony with her, compared to infants who were bounced to music asynchronously with her. The results of Experiment 2, using anti-phase bouncing, suggest that this is due to the contingency of the synchronous movements as opposed to movement symmetry. These findings support the hypothesis that interpersonal motor synchrony might be one key component of musical engagement that encourages social bonds among group members, and suggest that this motor synchrony to music may promote the very early development of altruistic behavior.
与异步移动相比，成年人同步随着共同的音乐节奏移动时，随后更有可能对彼此表现出亲社会行为。婴儿期音乐行为的发展此前已有描述，但此类行为在婴儿期的社会影响鲜有研究。在实验1中，48名14个月大的婴儿由一名助手抱着，面向实验者，随着音乐轻轻晃动，实验者晃动的方式与婴儿要么同步，要么不同步。然后，让婴儿处于一种情境中，他们有机会通过将实验者“不小心”掉落的物品递给她来帮助实验者。我们发现，与那些与实验者异步随着音乐晃动的婴儿相比，14个月大的婴儿在与实验者同步随着音乐晃动后，更有可能表现出利他行为并帮助实验者。使用反相晃动的实验2结果表明，这是由于同步动作的偶然性而非动作对称性。这些发现支持了这样一种假设，即人际运动同步可能是音乐参与的一个关键组成部分，它鼓励群体成员之间建立社会联系，并表明这种与音乐的运动同步可能促进利他行为的早期发展。
