Cunha Giovani Dos Santos, Sant'anna Marcelo Morganti, Cadore Eduardo Lusa, Oliveira Norton Luis de, Santos Cinara Bos Dos, Pinto Ronei Silveira, Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro
a Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015 Jun;86(2):172-81. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2014.982782. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological adaptations of resistance training (RT) in prepubertal boys.
Eighteen healthy boys were divided into RT (n = 9, Mage = 10.4 ± 0.5 years) and control (CTR; n = 9, Mage = 10.9 ± 0.7 years) groups. The RT group underwent a resistance training during 12 weeks, 3 times per week, performing 3 sets of 6 to 15 repetitions at intensities ranging from 60% to 80% of maximal dynamic strength (1-repetition maximum [1-RM] values). Before and after the training, the groups were assessed in their body mass and composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), isokinetic dynamometry, 1-RM, and ergoespirometry. Moreover, force per unit of muscle volume was calculated by the quotient between 1-RM and lean mass.
Both groups presented statistically significant (p < .05) increases in the 1-RM and force per unit of muscle volume in the knee extension and elbow flexion, but these strength increases were statistically significantly greater in the RT group (effect size [ES] = 2.83-9.00) than in the CTR group (ES = 0.72-1.00). Moreover, both groups statistically significantly increased in lean body mass variables (ES = 0.12-0.38). However, increases in the fat mass variables occurred only in the CTR group (ES = - 0.01-0.50), whereas no changes were observed in the RT group. Furthermore, there were statistically significant increases in all bone mineral content variables (ES = 0.13-0.43), without differences between groups. No cardiorespiratory changes were observed.
Twelve weeks of RT was effective in improving strength and force per unit of muscle volume and prevented fat mass increases in boys.
本研究旨在调查青春期前男孩进行抗阻训练（RT）后的生理适应性变化。
18名健康男孩被分为抗阻训练组（n = 9，平均年龄Mage = 10.4 ± 0.5岁）和对照组（CTR；n = 9，平均年龄Mage = 10.9 ± 0.7岁）。抗阻训练组在12周内进行抗阻训练，每周3次，以最大动态力量（1次重复最大值[1-RM]）的60%至80%的强度进行3组，每组6至15次重复动作。在训练前后，对两组的体重和身体成分（双能X线吸收法）、等速肌力测试、1-RM以及肺功能进行评估。此外，通过1-RM与瘦体重的商来计算每单位肌肉体积的力量。
两组在膝关节伸展和肘关节屈曲的1-RM以及每单位肌肉体积的力量方面均呈现出统计学显著增加（p < 0.05），但抗阻训练组的这些力量增加在统计学上显著大于对照组（效应量[ES] = 2.83 - 9.00），对照组的效应量为（ES = 0.72 - 1.00）。此外，两组的瘦体重变量均有统计学显著增加（ES = 0.12 - 0.38）。然而，脂肪量变量的增加仅出现在对照组（ES = -0.01 - 0.50），而抗阻训练组未观察到变化。此外，所有骨矿物质含量变量均有统计学显著增加（ES = 0.13 - 0.43），两组之间无差异。未观察到心肺功能变化。
12周的抗阻训练对于提高男孩的力量和每单位肌肉体积的力量有效，并可防止脂肪量增加。
