von Lindern Eike, Mosler Hans-Joachim
Environmental and Health Psychology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2014 Dec 16;9(12):e115360. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115360. eCollection 2014.
Using inadequate management tools often threatens the natural environment. This study focuses on the example of Swiss recreational fishermen (hereafter called "anglers") as recreational fisheries management stakeholders. In recreational fisheries, fish stocking conducted by anglers has been identified as one important factor associated with declining fish catches. We therefore aimed to a) gain insights into why anglers want to maintain fish stocking and b) identify entry points for interventions to promote more pro-ecological management practices. Results (N = 349) showed that the majority of anglers think very uncritically about stocking and that they frequently engage in it. We conclude that outcome expectancies and beliefs about risks, in combination with a lack of stocking success controls are the main reasons that anglers retain stocking measures. We suggest that providing anglers with direct experience and feedback about stocking success is suitable to change their intentions regarding stocking and their actual stocking behavior, and thus, to promote more pro-ecological management methods. From a more general perspective, the results of this study are likely to help improve pro-ecological ecosystem management in other domains where problems similar to those in recreational fisheries management might exist.
使用不完善的管理工具常常会威胁自然环境。本研究以瑞士休闲渔民（以下简称“垂钓者”）为例，他们是休闲渔业管理的利益相关者。在休闲渔业中，垂钓者进行的鱼类放养已被确认为与鱼类捕获量下降相关的一个重要因素。因此，我们旨在：a）深入了解垂钓者为何希望维持鱼类放养；b）确定促进更有利于生态的管理实践的干预切入点。结果（N = 349）表明，大多数垂钓者对放养的思考非常缺乏批判性，而且他们经常进行鱼类放养。我们得出结论，结果预期和对风险的信念，再加上缺乏对放养成功的控制，是垂钓者保留放养措施的主要原因。我们建议，为垂钓者提供关于放养成功的直接经验和反馈，适合改变他们关于放养的意图和实际放养行为，从而促进更有利于生态的管理方法。从更广泛的角度来看，本研究结果可能有助于改善其他领域的有利于生态的生态系统管理，这些领域可能存在与休闲渔业管理类似的问题。
