埃塞俄比亚西北部卡法拉-胡梅拉低地内脏利什曼病流行区野外栖息地中东白蛉的夜间活动及宿主偏好
Nocturnal activities and host preferences of Phlebotomus orientalis in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta-Humera lowlands, Kala-azar endemic, Northwest Ethiopia.
作者信息
Lemma Wossenseged, Tekie Habte, Abassi Ibrahim, Balkew Meshesha, Gebre-Michael Teshome, Warburg Alon, Hailu Asrat
机构信息
Department of Parasitology, School of Biomedical & Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Dec 17;7:594. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0594-3.
BACKGROUND
Phlebotomus orientalis feeds on a variety of wild and domestic animals and transmits Leishmania donovani from hitherto unknown reservoir hosts to humans in extra-domestic habitats in the Metema-Humera lowlands. The aim of this study was to determine the nocturnal activities of P. orientalis and its preferred blood meal hosts.
METHODS
Collections of Phlebotomus orientalis were made by using CDC light traps to determine the density as P. orientalis/hour CDC trap and preference to rodents by using Turner's traps in agricultural fields, animal shelters and thickets of Acacia seyal in Baeker site-1 and Gelanzeraf site-2. The blood meal sources were detected by Reverse Line Blot (RLB) of cytochrome b polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in August, 2012 from collections of sand flies in thickets of A. seyal (March 2011) and dense mixed forest (July 2011) in Baeker site 1. RLB PCR involved first amplification of animal specific sequences of cytochrome b using PCR techniques. Then the amplified sequence was hybridized with 11 species-specific probes for domestic animals adsorbed on nitrocellulose membrane for calorimetric color detection.
RESULTS
A total of 6,083 P. orientalis (2,702 males and 3,381 females) were collected at hourly intervals using 22 CDC traps from January to May 2013. The peak activities of P. orientalis were at 1.00 a.m (134.0 ± 7.21) near animal shelters, 3.00 a.m (66.33 ± 46.40) in agricultural fields and 21:00 pm (40.6 ± 30.06) in thickets of A. seyal. This species was not attracted to the different species of rodents in trials carried out in March and April 2013. RLB PCR identified 7 human (28%), 9 mixed (human and cattle) (36%) and 2 cattle (8%) blood meals while 7 were unknown (28%).
CONCLUSION
Female P. orientalis can bite humans in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta-Humera lowlands at any hour of the night with peak biting after midnight.
背景
东方白蛉以多种野生动物和家畜为食，并在梅特马-胡梅拉低地的家庭外栖息地将杜氏利什曼原虫从迄今未知的储存宿主传播给人类。本研究的目的是确定东方白蛉的夜间活动及其偏好的血餐宿主。
方法
使用疾控中心诱蚊灯诱捕东方白蛉，以确定每小时疾控中心诱捕器捕获的东方白蛉密度，并通过在贝克1号地点和格兰泽拉夫2号地点的农田、动物庇护所和塞内加尔金合欢灌木丛中使用特纳诱捕器来确定其对啮齿动物的偏好。2012年8月，通过对贝克1号地点塞内加尔金合欢灌木丛（2011年3月）和茂密混交林（2011年7月）中采采蝇样本进行细胞色素b聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增后的反向线印迹（RLB）检测血餐来源。RLB PCR首先使用PCR技术扩增细胞色素b的动物特异性序列。然后将扩增的序列与吸附在硝酸纤维素膜上的11种家畜特异性探针杂交，用于比色检测。
结果
2013年1月至5月，使用22个疾控中心诱捕器每隔一小时共捕获6083只东方白蛉（雄性2702只，雌性3381只）。东方白蛉的活动高峰在动物庇护所附近凌晨1点（134.0±7.21）、农田凌晨3点（66.33±46.40）和塞内加尔金合欢灌木丛晚上9点（40.6±30.06）。在2013年3月和4月进行的试验中，该物种对不同种类的啮齿动物没有吸引力。RLB PCR鉴定出7份人类血餐（28%）、9份混合血餐（人类和牛）（36%）和2份牛血餐（8%），而7份未知（28%）。
结论
雌性东方白蛉可在卡夫塔-胡梅拉低地的家庭外栖息地夜间任何时间叮咬人类，午夜后叮咬高峰。
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