Akinboro Adeolu O, Mejiuni Ayodele D, Akinlade Mathias O, Audu Bosede M, Ayodele Olugbenga E
Dermatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Int J Dermatol. 2015 Apr;54(4):443-50. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12693. Epub 2014 Dec 17.
Patterns of skin disease in developing nations are changing as frequencies of non-communicable diseases continue to increase. Appraisal of the current status of the disease profile is of utmost importance for health planning and resource allocation.
A prospective analysis of 895 cases of outpatient consultation during the years 2005-2010 was conducted.
The mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 31.1 ± 19.1 years. Non-infectious skin diseases accounted for 80.9% of all cases. Eczemas/dermatitis (27.0%), urticarias/erythemas (11.0%), fungal infections (9.5%), skin appendage disorders (8.9%), papulosquamous diseases (8.2%), pigmentary diseases (8.2%), viral infections (6.8%), and tumors and malignant skin lesions (5.4%) represented the most common presentations. Atopic dermatitis was the most common type of eczema (29.8%) among children (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.13; P = 0.013), in whom cornification disorders (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.73-8.92; P < 0.001) and viral infections (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.09-3.25; P = 0.021) were also frequent. Adults were more likely to be diagnosed with drug eruptions (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.09-11.80; P = 0.003), tumors/malignancy (OR 4.97, 95% CI 1.53-16.10; P = 0.030), or autoimmune connective tissue disorders (OR 8.13, 95% CI 1.09-60.20; P = 0.015). Female subjects were significantly affected by urticarias (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.00-2.33; P = 0.030) and papulosquamous diseases (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.09-3.03; P = 0.019).
The present pattern shows that non-infectious skin diseases are predominant. Occurrences of eczemas and urticarias are increasing at similar rates, whereas infectious skin diseases are decreasing in frequency. Resources and research should be directed towards the prevention of non-infectious skin diseases at this time as the campaign for a cleaner environment continues.
随着非传染性疾病的发病率持续上升，发展中国家的皮肤病模式正在发生变化。评估疾病谱的当前状况对于卫生规划和资源分配至关重要。
对2005年至2010年期间895例门诊咨询病例进行前瞻性分析。
患者的平均年龄±标准差为31.1±19.1岁。非感染性皮肤病占所有病例的80.9%。湿疹/皮炎（27.0%）、荨麻疹/红斑（11.0%）、真菌感染（9.5%）、皮肤附属器疾病（8.9%）、丘疹鳞屑性疾病（8.2%）、色素性疾病（8.2%）、病毒感染（6.8%）以及肿瘤和恶性皮肤病变（5.4%）是最常见的表现形式。特应性皮炎是儿童中最常见的湿疹类型（29.8%）（优势比[OR]1.53，95%置信区间[CI]1.09 - 2.13；P = 0.013），其中角化异常（OR 3.90，95% CI 1.73 - 8.92；P < 0.001）和病毒感染（OR 1.80，95% CI 1.09 - 3.25；P = 0.021）也很常见。成年人更有可能被诊断为药疹（OR 3.58，95% CI 1.09 - 11.80；P = 0.003）、肿瘤/恶性肿瘤（OR 4.97，95% CI 1.53 - 16.10；P = 0.030）或自身免疫性结缔组织疾病（OR 8.13，95% CI 1.09 - 60.20；P = 0.015）。女性受荨麻疹（OR 1.53，95% CI 1.00 - 2.33；P = 0.030）和丘疹鳞屑性疾病（OR 1.80，95% CI 1.09 - 3.03；P = 0.019）的影响尤为明显。
目前的模式表明非感染性皮肤病占主导地位。湿疹和荨麻疹的发病率以相似的速度上升，而感染性皮肤病的发病率在下降。随着环境清洁运动的持续开展，此时资源和研究应针对非感染性皮肤病的预防。
