Cook Michael B, Guénel Pascal, Gapstur Susan M, van den Brandt Piet A, Michels Karin B, Casagrande John T, Cooke Rosie, Van Den Eeden Stephen K, Ewertz Marianne, Falk Roni T, Gaudet Mia M, Gkiokas George, Habel Laurel A, Hsing Ann W, Johnson Kenneth, Kolonel Laurence N, La Vecchia Carlo, Lynge Elsebeth, Lubin Jay H, McCormack Valerie A, Negri Eva, Olsson Håkan, Parisi Dominick, Petridou Eleni Th, Riboli Elio, Sesso Howard D, Swerdlow Anthony, Thomas David B, Willett Walter C, Brinton Louise A
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Villejuif, France. Université Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Mar;24(3):520-31. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1009. Epub 2014 Dec 16.
The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly due to its relative rarity. Although tobacco and alcohol exposures are known carcinogens, their association with male breast cancer risk remains ill-defined.
The Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project consortium provided 2,378 cases and 51,959 controls for analysis from 10 case-control and 10 cohort studies. Individual participant data were harmonized and pooled. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate study design-specific (case-control/cohort) ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), which were then combined using fixed-effects meta-analysis.
Cigarette smoking status, smoking pack-years, duration, intensity, and age at initiation were not associated with male breast cancer risk. Relations with cigar and pipe smoking, tobacco chewing, and snuff use were also null. Recent alcohol consumption and average grams of alcohol consumed per day were also not associated with risk; only one subanalysis of very high recent alcohol consumption (>60 g/day) was tentatively associated with male breast cancer (ORunexposed referent = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97-1.71; OR>0-<7 g/day referent = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.04-1.77). Specific alcoholic beverage types were not associated with male breast cancer. Relations were not altered when stratified by age or body mass index.
In this analysis of the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project, we found little evidence that tobacco and alcohol exposures were associated with risk of male breast cancer.
Tobacco and alcohol do not appear to be carcinogenic for male breast cancer. Future studies should aim to assess these exposures in relation to subtypes of male breast cancer.
男性乳腺癌的病因尚不清楚，部分原因是其相对罕见。虽然烟草和酒精暴露是已知的致癌物，但它们与男性乳腺癌风险的关联仍不明确。
男性乳腺癌合并项目联盟提供了来自10项病例对照研究和10项队列研究的2378例病例和51959例对照进行分析。对个体参与者数据进行了统一和汇总。采用无条件逻辑回归来估计特定研究设计（病例对照/队列）的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），然后使用固定效应荟萃分析进行合并。
吸烟状况、吸烟包年数、持续时间、强度和开始吸烟年龄与男性乳腺癌风险无关。与抽雪茄和烟斗、嚼烟草及使用鼻烟的关系也不显著。近期饮酒量和每日平均饮酒克数也与风险无关；只有一项对近期饮酒量非常高（>60克/天）的亚分析初步显示与男性乳腺癌有关（未暴露参照组的OR = 1.29；95%CI，0.97 - 1.71；>0 - <7克/天参照组的OR = 1.36；95%CI，1.04 - 1.77）。特定酒精饮料类型与男性乳腺癌无关。按年龄或体重指数分层时，关系未改变。
在对男性乳腺癌合并项目的本次分析中，我们几乎没有发现证据表明烟草和酒精暴露与男性乳腺癌风险有关。
烟草和酒精似乎对男性乳腺癌无致癌性。未来研究应旨在评估这些暴露与男性乳腺癌亚型的关系。
