William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel.
Immunity. 2014 Nov 20;41(5):694-707. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.008.
Leukocyte migration through activated venular walls is a fundamental immune response that is prerequisite to the entry of effector cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and effector T cells to sites of infection, injury, and stress within the interstitium. Stimulation of leukocytes is instrumental in this process with enhanced temporally controlled leukocyte adhesiveness and shape-changes promoting leukocyte attachment to the inner wall of blood vessels under hydrodynamic forces. This initiates polarized motility of leukocytes within and through venular walls and transient barrier disruption facilitated sequentially by stimulated vascular cells, i.e., endothelial cells and their associated pericytes. Perivascular cells such as macrophages and mast cells that act as tissue inflammatory sentinels can also directly and indirectly regulate the exit of leukocytes from the vascular lumen. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and open questions regarding the mechanisms involved in the interactions of different effector leukocytes with peripheral vessels in extralymphoid organs.
白细胞穿过活化的小静脉壁的迁移是一种基本的免疫反应，是效应细胞（如中性粒细胞、单核细胞和效应 T 细胞）进入间质中感染、损伤和应激部位的先决条件。白细胞的刺激在这个过程中起着重要作用，增强了时间控制的白细胞黏附性和形态变化，促进了白细胞在水力作用下附着在血管内壁上。这启动了白细胞在小静脉壁内和穿过小静脉壁的极化运动，并通过受刺激的血管细胞（即内皮细胞及其相关周细胞）依次促进短暂的屏障破坏。作为组织炎症哨兵的血管周细胞，如巨噬细胞和肥大细胞，也可以直接和间接地调节白细胞从小血管腔中的逸出。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了关于不同效应白细胞与淋巴器官外周围血管相互作用的机制的现有知识和悬而未决的问题。
