Shen Li-Dong, He Zhan-Fei, Wu Hong-Sheng, Gao Zhi-Qiu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,
Curr Microbiol. 2015 Apr;70(4):562-70. doi: 10.1007/s00284-014-0762-x. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
Microbial mediated nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO), which couples the oxidation of methane to nitrite reduction, is a recently discovered process. The discovery of N-DAMO process makes great contributions to complete the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, and to develop novel economic biotechnology for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal. This process is catalysed by the unique bacterium "Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera" (M. oxyfera), which belongs to the candidate phylum NC10, a phylum having no members in pure culture. In recent years, some microbiological properties of M. oxyfera have been unravelled. The most prominent examples are the discoveries of the special ultrastructure (star-like) of the cell shape and the unique chemical composition (10MeC16:1Δ7) of M. oxyfera that have not been found in other bacteria yet. More importantly, a new intra-aerobic pathway was discovered in M. oxyfera. It seems that M. oxyfera produces oxygen intracellularly by the conversion of two nitric oxide molecules to dinitrogen gas and oxygen, and the produced oxygen is then used for methane oxidation and normal respiration. The current paper is a systematic review in the microbiological properties of M. oxyfera, especially for its special properties.
微生物介导的亚硝酸盐依赖型厌氧甲烷氧化（N-DAMO）是一种最近发现的过程，它将甲烷氧化与亚硝酸盐还原耦合在一起。N-DAMO过程的发现为完成碳和氮的生物地球化学循环以及开发用于同时去除碳和氮的新型经济生物技术做出了巨大贡献。这个过程由独特的细菌“食烷菌属嗜氧菌（‘Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera’，简称M. oxyfera）”催化，该细菌属于候选门NC10，这是一个在纯培养中没有成员的门。近年来，M. oxyfera的一些微生物学特性已被揭示。最突出的例子是发现了其特殊的超微结构（星状）的细胞形状以及M. oxyfera独特的化学组成（10MeC16:1Δ7），这些在其他细菌中尚未发现。更重要的是，在M. oxyfera中发现了一种新的胞内好氧途径。似乎M. oxyfera通过将两个一氧化氮分子转化为氮气和氧气在细胞内产生氧气，然后产生的氧气用于甲烷氧化和正常呼吸。本文是对M. oxyfera微生物学特性的系统综述，特别是其特殊特性。
